receptors and cytokines

Week 6

Which of the following cells are responsible for engulfing and destroying pathogens in the immune system?

• A) T cells

• B) Phagocytes

• C) B cells

• D) Natural killer cells

Phagocytes

What is the primary function of natural killer cells in the immune system?

• A) Producing antibodies

• B) Destroying virus-infected cells and tumors

• C) Engulfing pathogens

• D) Regulating immune responses

Destroying virus-infected cells and tumors

Which of the following molecules triggers an immune response by binding to receptors on immune cells?

• A) Antibodies

• B) Antigens

• C) Cytokines

• D) Ligands

Antigens

Which of the following cytokines is known for its pro-inflammatory role?

• A) TGF-beta

• B) IL-1

• C) IL-10

• D) IL-4

• IL-4

What is the term used to describe a situation where a cytokine can have different effects on different cell types?

• A) Redundancy

• B) Pleiotropy

• C) Specificity

• D) Synergy

Pleiotropy

Which of the following is a mechanism that regulates the immune response to prevent tissue damage or autoimmune diseases?

A) Cytokine signaling and receptor expression

B) Increased antibody production

C) Overproduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines

D) Increased antigen presentation

Cytokine signaling and receptor expression

Phagocytes, such as macrophages and ___________, are responsible for engulfing and destroying pathogens.

neutrophils

___________ are proteins that recognize and neutralize antigens in the immune response.

Antibodies

The immune system relies on a balance between ___________ and anti-inflammatory signals to regulate immune responses.

Pro-inflammatory

Cytokines can act in ___________, paracrine or endocrine manners depending on the target cell’s proximity.

Autocrine

Receptor-ligand interactions can be ___________ or weak, affecting the strength of the immune response.

Strong

___________ cells act as security guards in tissues, signaling other immune cells when they detect pathogens.

Macrophages