Equine Risk-Based Vaccines

Risk Based Vaccines

- Influenza

- Rhinopneumonitis (Herpes)

- Potomac Horse Fever

- Strangles (Strep Equi)

- EVA (Equine Viral Arteritis)

- Botulism

Equine Influenza Cause

Myxovirus

Equine Influenza Significance

Most important cause of respiratory disease in horses

Equine Influenza Symptoms

Temp 102-106, nasal discharge, off feed, dry cough, and potential secondary pneumonia

Equine Influenza Transmission

Spreads via respiratory droplets

Equine Influenza A risk factors

foals, shipping horses, sick

EHV-1 vs EHV-4 Effects

EHV-1 causes abortion AFTER 4 MONTHS, respiratory issues, and neurological forms; EHV-4 causes respiratory disease

equine herpes virus symptoms

high fever 2-5 days, nasal discharge

EHV Vaccination in Pregnant Mares

Killed vaccine (Pneumobort k + 1b) given at 5, 7, and 9 months

Strangles (Distemper) Cause

The bacterium Streptococcus equi

Strangles Symptoms

High temp 103-106, swelling of lymph nodes (may drain), and purulent nasal discharge

what does this horse have?

strangles - distemper

Strangles Outbreak Prevention Rule

Vaccination is NOT recommended as a strategy in outbreak situations

ISOLATION

Strangles (Distemper) spread

nasal discharge

very contagious

4 weeks

Strangles Vaccines

Intra-nasal (Pinnacle) and IM vaccines (Strep guard, Strep Vax) with variable effectiveness

equine viral arteritis EVA Transmission Routes

Respiratory droplets and shed in semen (breeding, cooled/shipped semen)

EVA Breed most likely

High incidence in Standardbreds (70-80%), lower in Thoroughbreds and Arabians (1-3%)

Equine Viral Arteritis (EVA) symptoms

fever, nasal discharge, edema, rash, abortion after 1-3 wks

Potomac Horse Fever Cause

Neorickettsia risticii

Potomac Horse Fever Symptoms

Decreased appetite, malaise, fever, diarrhea, and laminitis

Botulism Cause

Clostridium botulinum

Botulism Symptoms in Foals

Shaker Foal Syndrome, muscle tremors, and death

Botulism Symptoms in Adults

Muscular paralysis and dragging of limbs/toes

what does this horse have

botulism