DNA in forensics

no two people have the same DNA except for…

identical twins

DNA is considered to be..

individual evidence

how can DNA be collected?

skin, blood, saliva, urine, semen, hair

what is DNA fingerprinting aka DNA profiling used for

criminal and legal cases to determine identity or parentage

DNA stands for

deoxyribonucleic acid

where is DNA located

nucleus

what does DNA carry

organisms genetic information

DNA is a polymer that consists of many monomers called

nucleotides

what are the three parts of a nucleotide

phosphate group, deoxyribose (sugar), nitrogen-containing base

how many types of DNA are there

4

what are the types of DNA

Thymine, Cytosine, Adenine, Guanine

the amount of adenine equals the amount of..

thymine

the amount of cytosine equals the amount of

guanine

DNA is bundled into structures called

chromosomes

how many pairs of chromosomes are in humans

23

what does each pair of chromosomes contain

one from mom and one from dad

each chromosome contains 100s to 1000s of information blocks called…

genes

different versions of genes

alleles

central dogma

DNA → RNA → proteins

replication

DNA → DNA

transcription

DNA → RNA

translation

RNA→ protein

proteins determines…

trait

everyones DNA sequence is…

unique

CODIS

national database that DNA is entered to

DNA profiling

a process or technique of analysis that reveals unique patterns of an individuals DNA

short tandem repeats (STRs)

short repeated sequences of DNA located on non-coding loci

what is STR used for?

to compare allele repeats at specific loci in DNA

DNA extraction

cells broken down to release DNA

what are common concerns in forensics

quality of sample, mistakes and inaccuracy, interpretation, evidence from criminal investigations, cost effective, ethics