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Physiology
Is the biology that focuses on the function, regulation and repair of anatomical structures in a living organism.
Chemical Level
(Level) The structural and functional characteristics of all organisms are determined by their chemical makeup.
Chemical Level
(Level) Involves how atoms, such as hydrogen and carbon, interact and combine into molecules.
Cells
Are the basic structural and functional units of organisms, such as plants and animals.
Cellular Level
(Level) Molecules can combine to form organelles, which are the small structures that make up some cells.
Tissue
Is a group of similar cells and the materials surrounding them.
Epithelial - Connective - Muscular - Nervous
The many tissues that make up the body are classified into these four primary types.
Organ
It is composed of two or more tissue types that together perform one or more common functions.
Organ System
Is a group of organs classified as a unit because of a common function or set of functions.
Organism
Any living thing considered as a whole, whether composed of one cell, such as a bacterium, or of trillions of cells, such as a human.
Integumentary System
(System) Protects the body, regulates temperature, helps produce Vitamin D, and prevents water loss.
Skeletal System
(System) Provides support, protects organs, stores minerals and adipose tissue, and produces blood cells.
Muscular System
(System) Enables movement, maintains posture, and generates heat. Consists of muscles attached to the skeleton by tendons.
Lymphatic System
(System) Removes foreign substances from the blood and lymph, fights disease, maintains fluid balance, and absorbs dietary fat from the digestive tract.
Respiratory System
(System) Exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide between the blood and air and regulates blood pH.
Digestive System
(System) Performs the mechanical and chemical processes of digestion, absorbs nutrients, and eliminates waste.
Nervous System
(System) A major regulatory system that detects sensations and controls movements, physiological processes, and intellectual functions.
Endocrine System
(System) A major regulatory system that influences metabolism, growth, reproduction, and many other functions.
Cardiovascular System
(System) Transports nutrients, waste products, gases, and hormones throughout the body.
Cardiovascular System
(System) Plays a role in the immune response and the regulation of body temperature.
Urinary System
(System) Removes waste products from the blood and regulates blood pH, ion balance, and water balance.
Female Reproductive System
(System) Produces oocytes and is the site of fertilization and fetal development; produces milk for the newborn; produces hormones that influence sexual function and behaviors.
Male Reproductive System
(System) Produces and transfers sperm cells to the female and produces hormones that influence sexual functions and behaviors.
Homeostasis
Is the maintenance of a variable, such as body temperature, around an ideal normal value, or set point.
Homeostatic Mechanisms
Are dynamic mechanisms inside the body that ensures that the balance within a specified target values.
Positive Homeostatic Response - Negative Homeostatic Response
What are the two ways in which the body performs homeostasis?
Negative Homeostatic Response
Are physiological processes that maintains balance by reverting or counteracting the condition to retain into the specific target condition of the body.
Negative Homeostatic Response
Majority of the homeostatic responses of the body utilizes this.
Thermoregulation
Body temperature.
Glucogenesis
Blood sugar.
Osmoregulation
Water consumption.
Blood Pressure
Pressure regulation.
Blood Alkalinity and Acidity
Metabolic gas consumption.
Oxygen Consumption
Breathing rate.
Blood production
Wound and trauma (negative).
Positive Homeostatic Response
Are physiological processes that maintains balance by expounding or exacerbating a condition to achieve a specific target condition of the body.
Lactation
Milk Production
Blood Clotting
Wound and trauma (positive).
Parturition
Childbirth contractions.
Ovulation
Hormonal release.
Pyrogen Production
Fever.
Cortisol and Epinephrine (Adrenaline)
Fight or flight response.