YR 10 Germany in the 20th Century

List economic impacts of the Wall Street Crash in 1929 on Germany

• Mass Unemployment

• Industrial Collapse

• Agricultural Crisis

• Decline in trade

• Bank Failures

• Business Failures

• Wage cuts

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List socio-economic impacts of the Wall Street Crash in 1929 on Germany

• Reliance on welfare

• Malnutrition and Poor Health

• Poverty

• Homelessness

• Family Strain

• Breakdown of living standards

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Provide concrete evidence relating to the economic impact of industrial collapse.

Industrial collapse fell by around 40% after Wall Street Crash 1929

Provide concrete evidence relating to the economic impact of unemployment

Approx 6 million people were unemployed in Germany by 1932 (around 30% of the workforce)

Political impact of the Great Depression

• Affter Wall Street Crash, German voters turned to parties offering radical alternatives (e.g. Communist Party and Nazis)

2 pieces of concrete evidence relating to rise of population of the Nazi Party

• 12 seats in 1928 to 107 seats

• [September 1930 election] Nazis won 18% of the vote, making them second largest political party.

How did Nazis garner support?

• Posters and print media

• Rallies and speeches

• Targeted messaging

German Empire ( ____ - ____)

1871-1918

Armstice signed (____)

1918

Why was the German Empire 1871-1918 considered authoritarian?

• Kaiser and his elected chancellor held most power

What type of government was Weimar Germany 1918-1933 and what did Weimar Germany create?

• Republic (head of state not a monarch)

• created Weimar Constition

Features of the Weimar Constitution

• established Germany as a republic

• established Reichstag (lower house)

• established Reichstrat (upper house)

• established civil liberties (freedom of speech, assembly, religion, press, etc)

• Under Article 48, retained powers for preseident in emergency situations. Preseident could:

  • suspend civil liberties

  • rule by decree

  • use military to restore order

What was the ‘Stab-in-the-back‘ myth?

• A myth that arose in Germany that held that Germany had not been defeated on the battlefield but lost WW1 due to German politicians such as Frederich Ebert who signed the armstice

• Fueled antisemitism, claimed Jews betrayed

List the 5 articles of the Treaty of Versailles and their numbers

1. Territorial Losses (Articles 27-30, 42-44, 51-79)

2. War Guilt Clause (Article 231)

3. Reparation Payments (Articles 232-247)

4. Military Restrictions (Articles159-213)

5. League of Nations (Articles 1-26)

Recall as much as you can : French Occupaption of the Ruhr (____)

• Jan 1923

• Germany fell behind on payments —> French angry, sent 60,000 French and Belgian troops into Ruhr to get what they were owed from mines and factories

• German government ordered workers to adopt the approach of passive resistance

• French retaliated, killing many Germans

List advantages of the French Occupation of the Ruhr for Germans

• united Germans against enemies

• strikers in the Ruhr seen as heros

List disadvantages of the French Occupation of the Ruhr for Germans

• German government had to print money to pay for strikers wages

• Germany was seek as weak for adopting the approach of passive resistance rather than fighting back

List causes of hyperinflation

• WW1 Reparations

• Printing money

• Having to pay strikers in the Ruhr region

• Handing over territories, lost iron and coal reserves

Explain how the following groups were affected by hyperinflation;

• Working Class

• Industrialists

• Pensioners

• Middle Class

• Working Class = Demanded of employers higher wages, employers forced to lay workers off; unemployment rose

• Industrialists = Any debts from buying machinery now worthless

• Pensioners = Pensions were no longer enough in new economy

• Middle Class = Those with professions (e.g. doctors) no longer made much more money than other jobs.

Recall as much as you can: Munich Beer Hall Putsch (____)

• Nov 8-9 1923

• Hitler and Nazis stormed government meetin, declared they were overthrowing Weimar goverment

• Hitler believed hed have support, inspired by Benito Mussolini

• Unsuccessful, Hitler imprisoned for 9 months

List short term and long term impacts of the Munich Beer Hall Putsch 1923

Short Term

• Putsch unsuccessful

• Hitler arrested

Long Term

• Nazi publicity

• Hitler turned his trial into a propaganda success

• Hitler writes Mein Kampf in jail

• Hitler realises he needs to garner power though electoral support

What were Gustav Stresemann’s roles in Germany?

• Chancellor

• Foreign Minister

Create a tree diagram of Stresemann’s impacts

STRESEMANN'S IMPACTS

│

┌────────────────┴────────────────┐

│ │

ECONOMIC RECOVERY INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

│ │

┌────────┴────────┐ ┌─────────┼──────────┐

│ │ │ │ │

END OF RENEGOTIATING LOCARNO LEAGUE OF KELLOGG-

HYPERINFLATION REPARATIONS TREATIES NATIONS BRIAND

(1925) (1926) PACT

(1928)

How did Stresemann end hyperinflation? [Was it successful?]

• introduced new currency, Rentenmark

• promised to pay reparations

• called off passive resistance in Ruhr

• reduced government spending

Recall as much as you can - Locarno Treaties (____)

• 1925

• Countries agreed to respect boundaries between them established by the Treaty of Versailles

Recall as much as you can - League of Nations (____)

• 1926

• Germany joined the League of Nations

• No longer excluded, no longer isolated

Recall as much as you can - Kellog-Briand Pact (____)

• 1928

• Countries agreed not to go to war, but to resolve disputes through arbiration

When was the Stresemann Era?

1923-1929

How did the Great Depression lead to increased support for the Nazi Party?

•