Cath LAB Procedures

Coronary Angiography

visualization of the coronary arteries using catheter-based technique through the injection of dye, blockages can be identified

Coronary Angioplasty

Involves inserting a catheter with a balloon on its tip into a narrowed or blocked coronary artery. The balloon is inflated at the site of narrowing to widen the artery, improving blood flow to the heart

Stenting

A small mesh tube is placed at the site of the blockage after balloon inflation.

stent

this acts as the scaffold

Pericardiocentesis

is a medical procedure used to remove excess fluid from the pericardial sac, the double-layered membrane surrounding the heart.

pericardial effusion

fluid buildup in the pericardial sac

Cardiac Tamponande

If the fluid accumulates rapidly or in large amounts, it can compress the heart and impair its function, a condition known as

BECK’s Triad (hypotension, JVD, muffled heart sounds)

what is triad of cardiac tamponade?

16-18 gauge 6 inches (15 cm) with 60 ml syringe

Pericardiocentesis used what gauge needle size?

Cardiac Catheterization for Hemodynamic Monitoring

You can measure the mean arterial pressure, right atrial pressure, pulmonary artery wedge pressure, or cardiac index using this procedure.

IABP - Intra-aortic Balloon Pump

is a procedure in which a balloon-tipped catheter is placed in the aorta to provide temporary mechanical support to the heart. It works by inflating and deflating in sync with the cardiac cycle to improve blood flow to the coronary arteries and decrease the workload on the heart.

Descending Aorta

At what exact location IABP is placed?

Heart failure, cardiogenic shock

IABP is indicated for?

Femoral artery

Where is the insertion site for IABP?

Renal angiography

is an imaging test to visualize the blood vessels supplying the kidneys.

Renal angioplasty

is a minimally invasive procedure to treat renal artery stenosis by widening the narrowed artery using a balloon, with or without a stent.

Transvenous Pacing

is a temporary method of cardiac pacing in which a pacemaker lead (electrode) is inserted through a vein into the heart to regulate its rhythm. This is typically done when a patient has a life-threatening bradyarrhythmia (slow heart rate) or heart block and needs immediate pacing support until a permanent pacemaker can be placed

Left subclavian Veins or Jugular Vein

where is Transvenous Pacing Inserted?

Pacemaker Implantation

permanent solution for bradyarrhythmia

pectoralis major just below the collarbone

where does pacemaker implanted?

Balloon Valvuloplasty

is a minimally invasive procedure used to treat stenosis (narrowing) of heart valves, most commonly the mitral, aortic, or pulmonary valves

Ethanol Septal Ablation

works by using alcohol to intentionally destroy (ablate) a small portion of thickened heart muscle, specifically in the interventricular septum, which is obstructing blood flow from the left ventricle to the aorta. The ablation reduces the size of the hypertrophied tissue and decreases the obstruction in the left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT).

Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Ethanol Septal Ablation is indicated for what disorder?

Septal defect closure

refers to the surgical or catheter-based procedures used to repair a septal defect, which is a congenital heart defect characterized by an abnormal opening in the septum (the wall) separating the heart’s chambers

Atrial Septal Defect

is a congenital heart defect characterized by an abnormal opening in the atrial septum, the wall that separates the left and right atria of the heart.

Mixture of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood