MCB 4403 Ch 8 Fungal Diversity

plants have cell walls made of _____________

cellulose

plants are ________ and _____________

autotrophic and phototrophic

fungi have cell walls containing ______________

chitin

Fungi are ____________ and ___________

heterotrophic and chemotropic

bacteria are _________________

prokaryotes

bacteria have cell walls containing ________________

peptidoglycan

fungi are _____________

eukaryotes

yeast are _________ ___________ fungi

single celled

mold and mushrooms are _____________

multicellular

most fungo do not have ______________-

flagella

Fungi reach nutrients by _________ dispersal and _________ growth

spore dispersal and fungi growth

hyphae are _________ filaments

thin

hyphae grow at the _______

tip

____________ fungi are able to switch between dingle and multicellular forms

Dimorphic

examples of Dimorphic fungi are __________ and _________-

molds and yeasts

most fungal spores can send out hyphae during ________________-

germination

hyphae cells use _______ growth to lengthen into the environment

tip

mycelium is the ________- of hyphae growth

mass

some hyphae have cells separated by __________

septa

septa are ___________________ that can have pores

cross-walls

Coenocytic hyphae have multiple ___________- within a singular nucleus

nuclei

most fungi are _____________

saprobes

fingi extract their nutrients from ___________ ___________

dead tissues

fungi excrete _____________ to break down molecules

enzymes

_________ absorb digested nutrients

hyphae

most fungi are ___________ and some are facultative anaerobes

aerobes

Most fungi store their food (carbohydrates) as ______________, like animals.

glycogen

nearly all fungi form ____________

spores

spores are ______________- reproductive cells

non-motile

spores are __________- by wind or animals

dispersed

spree may be launched into air by ___________ __________-

fruiting bodies

____________ ____________ are spore producing organs developed by the hyphae

fruiting bodies

fruiting bodies are not the entire ______________

fungus

fungal mass is mostly ______________

mycelium

fugal phyla includes.........

1. Glomeromycota
2. Ascomycota
3. Basidiomycota

Fungal Phylogeny are based upon _____ _______________

rRNA sequences

Ascomycota are know as the ___________ fungi

sac

Ascomycota include..........

yeast, molds, morels, truffles, and cup fungi

Ascomycota have an ___________

ascus

an _________ is a small sac like sexual structure

ascus

Ascomycota produce ___________ which are haploid spores from sexual reproduction

ascospores

Half of ascomycete species are ___________ of lichen

symbionts

ascomycota are common ____________ pathogens

plant

ascomycota can reproduce _________________ and ______________

asexually and sexually

yeast asexual reproduction occurs via _____________

budding

_____________- occurs via a bud forming on the side of the cell, nuclei split, and cell grows into full size daughter cell

budding

__________ are specialized hyphae that produce conidia

Conidiophores

conidia are ___________ spores of fungi

asexual

sexual reproduction occurs in nutrient ____________ conditions

limited

in yeast haploid cells are produced via __________

meiosis

in multicellular forms of Ascomycota sexual reproduction leads to then formation of ___________

ascus

hyphae strains can be ______ or ______

plus or minus

hyphae from plus or minus strains can fuse __________

cytoplasms

nuclei pairs form a structure called ___________

dikaryon

new separate hyphae have __________ _______

two nuclei

__________ occurs and produces Ascospores

meiosis

Basicomycota are known as the _________ fungi

club

Basicomycota includes .........

yeasts, true mushrooms, puffballs, and bracket fungi

Basicomycota plays an important role in the breakdown of _________ / __________ materials

wood/ plant

Basidia are _________ -_________ hyphae

spore-bearing

Basicomycota reproduce ______________

sexually

Basicomycota asezual reproduction occurs via ______________

conidia

multicellular forms of Basicomycota ___________ fuse cytoplasms

hyphae

nuclei pair of Basicomycota fuse into _____________

dikaryon

Basicomycota uses a _________ _______ to ensure each hyphal cell has one nuclei from each parent

clamp connection

Basicomycota grow into a _______________ aka mushroom

basidiocarp

basidiocarp the two nuclei fuse and undergo meiosis producing haploid _____________ that are dispersed by then wind

Basidiospores