CELL THEORY

Prokaryotes

• no membrane n membrane organelles

• Cells reproduce through binary fission

• Found in unicellular organisms

• DNA is naked

Eukaryotes

• found in both uni and multi cellular organisms

• Have membrane n membrane organelles

• Cells reproduce through mitosis and meiosis

• No nucleus

Nucleus

• control centre of DNA

• Contains DNA

Cell membrane

Controls what enters and leaves the cell

Cell theory

• found in all living organisms

• Cells come from pre existing cells

• Are the basic unit of life

Cytoplasm

• Jelly like fluid where organelles are found and chem reactions occur

Ribosomes

• make protein

What structures are found in both plant and animal cells

Cell membrane

Cytoplasm

Nucleus

Mitochondria

Ribosomes

What structures are found only in plant cells?

Cell wall

Chloroplasts

Large central vacuole

What is the function of the cell wall

Provides:

support protection and maintains the cells shape

Why don’t animal cells have chloroplasts?

Don’t preform photosynthesis and obtain energy by eating food

Why don’t animals have a cell wall?

Need flexibility for movement and different shapes

Cell transport

The movement of substances in and out of the cell through the cell membrane

What is diffusion

Movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to low concentration

What is osmosis?

• Movement of water across membrane from high water concentration to low water concentration

What is active transport

• movement of substance using ATP from low to high concentration

What type of transport requires ATP?

Active transport

Which type of transport moves from high concentration to low concentration?

Passive transport (diffusion and osmosis)

What does concentration gradient mean?

Difference in concentration of a substance between two areas

What is a selectively permeable membrane?

A membrane that allows some substances to pass through but block others

Which transport process only moves water?

Osmosis

During diffusion which directions to molecules move?

From high concentration to low

During active transport which direction do molecules move?

From low to high concentration using ATP

Mitochondria

Power house of the cell

Preforms aerobic respiration

Glucose to ATP

How do plants and animals obtain their enegry?

Plants: autotroph (make their own food) photosynthesis produce glucose and the mitochondria breaks that down into energy

Animals: heterotroph (meaning they have to eat their food)

Photosynthesis

Uses the sun to produce glucose and that’s broken down into ATP by the mitochondria

Vacuoles in plants

Have a single membrane

Fills up space

Can also have digestive functions similar to lysosomes

Stores nutrients

Provides space for waste

Function of the cell wall

support and protection

Compare diffusion, osmosis, passive transport and active transport

Diffusion - moves molecules from high to low

Osmosis- moves water from high to low concentration

Passive transport moves molecules from high concentration to low

Active transport uses ATP and moves molecules from low to high

Lysosome

Found in animals break down bio molecules

Involved in secretion, plasma membrane repair cell signalling and energy metabolism