Germany Facts

2 impacts of the ww1

revolts broke out, soliders’ and workers’ councils were set up

Leader of spartacists

rosa luxemburg (red rosa)

Leader of social democrats

fredrich ebert

Ebert’s actions in the start of the weimar republic

cicil servants allowed to continue to work + collaborated with the army and new worker’s councils, promised not to reform the army in an agreement with general groener, didn’t nationalise businesses, announced an election to write the german constitution

Structure: parliament was made up of the

reichstag and reichsrat

Structure: role of the reichstag

created germany’s laws, elected by people every 4 years

Structure: role of reichsrat

reps from local govt, elected every 4 years

Structure: role of chancellor

head of govt, chose all ministers

Structure: role of cabinet

worked closely with the chancellor,main decision working body of the govt

Structure: role of president

head of weimar republic, elected every 7 years, chose chancellor

TOV military restrictions

air force disbanded, rhineland occupied for 15 years

Land returned to france at TOV

Alsace lorianne

Land returned to poland at TOV

polish corridoor (west prussia + posen)

Term for german austian union that was forbidden by the tov

anschluss

Article that allowed the president to make laws without going to the reichstag under an emergency

article 48

Why did the Kapp Putch happen?

The allies were getting worried about the growing size of the Friekorps, germany’s growing unofficial army, and they ordered the fk to be shut down. This didn’t work out because the fk rebelled

What happened in the Kapp Putch?

when the government tried to disband the friekorps in March 1920, they marched into berlin led by Wolfgang Kapp and declared a new government. The Putch collapsed days later with a general worker’s strike that led public services to be ground to a halt.

What were the 3 crises of 1923?

occupation of the Ruhr,

inflation,

munich putch

Why was the ruhr occupied? How did they try to respond?

Germany didn’t keep up with its reparations payments and the french wanted them to pay, so french and belgian troops marched into the Ruhr. The germans tried to fight back with passive resistance, but all this did was make them poorer

What did stresemann do to deal with the crises of 1923?

called off passive resistance,

scrapped the old worthless mark and replaced it with the temporary rentenmark, and then the permanent reichsmark a year later,

deposed left wing governments in Saxony and Thuringia securing the support of the right wing army.

What was the dawes plan?

plan to lend germany 800 million marks by the us to recover their economy

Who did germany sign the lorcano treaties with?

britain, france, italy

New weimar style of architecture?

bauhaus

Artists of the weimar era that aimed to show the uglier side of germany?

George grosz (politics, war) Otto Dix (nightlife)

Some of the 25 points developed

abolish tov,

destroy weimar

, destroy marxism,

challenge terror/violence with… terror/violence

, remove jews from positions of leadership,

only german newspaper editors,

educate gifted kids at the state’s expense,

increase old age pensions,

strong central govt,

nationalise important industries,

conquer lebensraum,

rearm germany

What made hitler carry out the munich putch

People were angry at stresemann for stopping passive resistance in the ruhr. Bavaria was expected to support hitler in his actions because the nazis had the most support there.

Who did hitler take into the side room with him at the beer hall putshc and who did hitler bring with him to the putsch

Gustav Kahr (bavarian prime minister) + his 2 senior officials, General Ludendorff

Proof oh hitler’s charisma in his trial

People could buy tickets to see him speak

Worldwide newspapers covered his trial

3 reasons for the depression weakening weimar govt

Unpopular economic policies - taxes raised, wages cut, reduced unemployment benefit

Presidential rule - Chancellor fell back on article 48 and ruled by presidential decree.

Rise of extremism - extremist groups claimed to be able to fix the problems weimar was facing.

Terms of the emergency decree passed following the reichstag fire + what it allowed

Suspended:

Personal liberty

Freedom of speech

Freedom of The press

Freedom of Personal assembly

Allowed police to search houses, confiscate property, and detain people indefinitely without trial.

3 aims of germany the nazis wanted to create

1 A strong germany

2 A racial germany

3 The volk/people’s community - Volk, Fuhrer und Vaterland

Role of the gestapo + orgin

Initially prussian secret police under goering, from 36 it was the state secret police under himmler

Tapped phones, intercepted mail, spied in general

Had a network of informers

Describe may-july ‘purge of communism” 33

AH accussed everybody who wasnt right wing of marxism and proceeded to arrest them for it

Any jews who had been ‘particularly active in party politics’ were arrested

Reasons why private grumbling didn’t escalate (8total)

Fear

Divided opposition (spd + commies wouldnt work together)

Citizens kept in the dark about the most extreme things

People were pleased - life was safe so they allowed other things

Only minor criticisms

Nazis dropped unpopular policies

They voted them in - nazis could do what they wanted

No organised opposition

Examples of nazi pagantry dropping unpopular policies

Kristallnacht recieved protest so they hid anti-jew rhetorics

Halted euthanasia programme due to church opposition

Date of the catholic-nazi concordat

They would leave each other alone + stay out of each other’s fields

Slogan of german christians

“The swastika on our breasts and the cross on our hearts”

Pagan style worship - nazi alt to christianity

The german faith movement

Name of leader of the german christians

Reich Bishop Ludwig Müller