Large animal surgery Eye conditions

A cow has a corneal ulcer in her left eye, caused by a recent outbreak of Moraxella Bovis. a third-eyelid flap procedure is done to help healing and reduce pain. What suture pattern is used to secure the third eyelid in place?

Horizontal mattress

An Angus heifer is presented with a deep corneal ulcer due to Moraxella bovis infection. In addition to treating with appropriate medication, the decision is made to perform a third eyelid flap to aid in healing. What anaesthetic blocks are the most appropriate to facilitate surgery and anaesthetise the involved structures?

Auriculopalpebral, corneal and line block in the upper eyelid

A cow with 3-month history of progressive left eye proptosis with signs of pain, including squinting and sensitivity to light. After discussing the prognosis with the owner and considering the discomfort associated with the eye, the decision is made to proceed with an enucleation due to the lack of vision and chronic discomfort. What is the minimum anesthesia that should be performed for this procedure?

Ring block and retrobulbar block

A 4-year-old dairy cow is presented on the farm for a severe corneal ulcer due to Moraxella bovis infection. What procedure can be performed on the farm using standing sedation to help expediate healing of the ulcer?

A Holz-Celsus procedure

A 6-year-old pregnant Holstein dairy cow is presented with a progressively growing mass on the lateral canthus of the right eye. The mass is raised, firm, pinkish in color, and located at the junction of the cornea and the sclera. The lesion is ulcerated, with a rough and irregular surface. The owner first noticed the mass approximately 2 months ago, and since then, it has been steadily enlarging. There is no history of recent eye injuries or illnesses, and the cow does not exhibit any other systemic abnormalities. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Squamous cell carcinoma

A 10-day-old crossbreed calf is presented to the clinic with a history of epiphora, blepharospasm, and keratoconjunctivitis since birth. On clinical examination, a 1 cm² mass is observed at the limbus of the left eye .The mass is well-defined, and hairs are visibly arising from the surface of the mass. The conjunctiva surrounding the mass appears mildly inflamed, and the cornea beneath the mass shows signs of irritation and ulceration. The right eye appears normal with no significant abnormalities noted. What is the best treatment for this condition?

A lamellar superficial keratectomy under general anaesthesia

A ewe is presented for dystocia of 2-hour duration by a local hobby sheep farmer. On clinical examination of the lamb, entropion of both eyes is identified. What initial treatment should be suggested to the farmer to deal with the entropion?

Manual eversion every couple of hours should resolve the issue in a couple of days

When performing an eye examination, at what point should fluorescein be administered to avoid misinterpretation of the results of the fluorescein test?

Before administering local anaesthetic to the cornea

what eyelid block offers akinesia to the upper eyelid MOTOR only?

Its landmark is the zygomatic arch

Auriculopalpebral

Which eyelid blocks sensation to the upper and lower eyelids?

Ring block

Which eyelid block is at the ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal and blocks the medial 2/3 of upper eyelid?

supraorbital nerve block

Which Globe block works on the cornea, nerves II,III,IV,V, and VI? it is motor, sensort and blocks the orbit

Retrobulbar block

Which block is good for enucleation?

Retrobulbar nerve block

Does the retrobulbar nerve block block the eyelids?

no

What are the landmarks of the Peterson block?

Supraorbital process, zygomatic arch, coronoid process

What does the Peterson Block do

Blocks III,IV,V,VI motor and sensory and the orbit

A cow has a corneal ulcer from Moraxella bovis. What Topical Can NOT be used

Steroids

What surgery can be done for a corneal ulcer

3rd eyelid flap, Tarsorrhaphy, Conjunctival flap

What are the clinical signs of Dermoid

conjunctivitis, epiphora, blepharospasm, discomfort

Whats the treatment of A dermoid

Lamellar keratectomy, sharp excision

What blocks should be performed with a dermoid removal

auriculopalpebral, corneal

Who usually gets Entropion

young neonates

If you do frequent manual eversion for entropion how quickly should it correct?

48 hours

If manual eversion does not work for entropion what is the method

Horizontal mattress suture, or Holz-Celsus procedure

what block inhibits upper eyelid movement

auriculopalpebral nerve block

If there is an eyelid laceration, what should you not do?

trim the flap away

What are the steps to treat an eyelid laceration

Sedation or LA or GA, clip and scrub, minimal debridement, 2 layer closure, simple continuous for muscle and skin and figure 8 for skin

What scrub is best used around the eye

povidone iodine

What are the indications for an enucleation

exophthalmos, infection, recurrent uveitis, squamous cell carcinoma (white face)

What is a Nicitans Membrane excision used for

Squamous cell carcinoma

Does excision lead to keratoconjunctiva sicca in large animals

No

What are complications of the nicitans membrane excision

incomplete tumor excision, excessive hemorrhage, orbital fat prolapse

Which anesthesia protocol is used for a nicitans membrane excision

auriculopalpebral block for eyelid akinesia and topical corneal anesthesia

a Hereford cow has a weepy eye, with thickening of the lower eyelid. On examination the globe and third eyelid are unaffected. what is the likely differential diagnosis?

Squamous cell carcinoma

You are presented with a neonate with excessive lacrimation and blepharospasm. On closer inspection you see a dermoid. How should you treat?

lamellar superficial keratectomy

If on an exam you see stops UPPER eyelid movement which block should you think of

auriculopalpebral

If on an exam it says what block blocks sensory nerves of upper and lower eyelid which block would you think of

Ring block

If on an exam you need a block for upper eyelid surgery, eyelid lesions, or eyelid sutures what is a good block as it blocks medial 2/3 of upper eyelid sensation

Supraorbital nerve block

If you need to do globe surgery what are the 2 go to blocks

Retrobulbar or peterson

If you are performing an enucleation which blocks should be used

Retrobulbar/ peterson and auriculopalpebral