Canine forelimb musculoskeletal

Extrinsic muscle of the thoracic limb

connect thoracic limb (forelimb) to the trunk (body). They hold the limb to the body and allow movement

Trapezius origin

The median ridge of the neck and the supraspinous ligament from the level of the third cervical vertebra to the level of the ninth thoracic vertebra

trapezius insertion

spine of scapula

trapezius function

elevates and abduct the forelimb

Rhomboideus origin

nuchal crest (head), median ridge of the neck (cervical), and thoracic vertebrae

Rhomboideus insertion

dorsal border of scapula

Rhomboideus function

pulls scapula dorsally and cranially ; elevates the neck

Serratus ventralis origin

Transverse process of cervical vertebrae and ribs

Serratus ventralis insertion

dorsomedial scapula

Serratus ventralis function

supports the trunk ; acting as a sling

Latissimus dorsi origin

Thoracolumbar fascia and the last few ribs

Latissimus dorsi insertion

teres major tuberosity of the humerus

Latissimus dorsi fuction

draws limb caudally and flexes the shoulder

Braciocephalicus parts

cleidobrachialis and cleidocephalicus

Braciocephalicus origin

clavicular intersection

Braciocephalicus insertion

humerus (cleidobrachialis, mastoid and cervical region (cleidocephalicus)

Braciocephalicus function

advances the limb and extends the shoulder

Omotransversarius origin

wing of the atlas

Omotransversarius insertion

spine of scapula

Omotransversarius function

advances the limb

Superficial pectoral muscle origin

first two sternebrae

Superficial pectoral muscle insertion

greater tubercle of humerus

Deep (ascending) pectoral muscle origin

sternum

Deep (ascending) pectoral muscle insertion

greater and lesser tubercles of humerus

Pectoral muscles function

adduct the limb and support the trunk

Intrinsic muscles of the forelimb

originate and insert within the limb itself. There are no attachments to the trunk or the neck. They are responsible for moving joints within the limb, such as the shoulder, elbow, carpus, and digits

Deltoideus origin

spine and acromion of scapula

Deltoideus insertion

deltoid tuberosity of humerus

Deltoideus function

flexes shoulder

Teres major origin

caudal border of scapula

teres major insertion

teres major tuberosity of humerus

teres major function

flexes shoulder

teres minor origin

infraglenoid tubercle

teres minor insertion

teres minor tuberosity

supraspinous origin

supraspinous fossa

supraspinous insertion

greater tubercle

supraspinous function

extends and stabilizes the shoulder

infraspinous origin

infraspinous fossa

infraspinous insertion

greater tubercle

infraspinous function

flexes or extends, stabilizes shoulder

subscapularis origin

subscapular fossa

subscapularis insertion

lesser tubercle

subscapularis fuction

adducts, extends, and stabilizes the shoulder

coracobrachialis origin

coracoid process

coracobrachialis insertion

lesser tubercle area

coracobrachialis function

adduct and stabilize shoulder

biceps brachii origin

supragelnoid tubercle

biceps brachii insertion

proximal radius/ulna

biceps brachii function

flexes elbow, extends shoulder

brachial origin

humerus

brachialis insertion

radius

brachialis function

flexes elbow

triceps brachii origin

scapula and humerus

triceps brachii insertion

olecranon

triceps brachii function

extends elbow, long head flexes shoulder

anconeus origin

humerus

anconeus insertion

olecranon

anconeus function

extends elbow

extensor carpi radialis insertion

2nd and 3rd metacarpals

extensor carpi radialis function

extend carpus

common digital extensor insertion

extensor processes of distal phalanges

ulnaris lateralis insertion

lateral metacarpal 5

ulnaris lateralis function

flexes carpus

abductor digit 1 longus insertion

proximal end of metacarpal 1

abductor digit 1 longus function

abduct first digit

flexor capri radialis insertion

2nd and 3rd metacarpals

flexor capri radialis function

flexes carpus

flexor capri ulnaris insertion

accessory carpal bone

flexor capri ulnaris function

flexes carpus

superficial digital flexor insertion

palmar surface of the base of middle phalanges of digits 2,3,4, and 5

superficial digital flexor function

Flexes carpus and digits

deep digital flexor insertion

distal phalanges 2-5

deep digital flexor function

flexes digits and carpus

pronator teres insertion

radius

pronator teres function

pronates forearm

pronator quadratus insertion

interosseous space of radius and ulna

pronator quadratus function

pronates forearm

supinator insertion

radius

supinator function

supinates forearm