Living Organisms, Cell Structure and Levels of Organisation - Topic 1 - Year 9 Biology Revision

MRS C GREN

movement, respiration, sensitivity, control, growth, reproduction, excretion, nutrition

Movement

not staying in the same position

Respiration

release of energy (ATP) from food

Sensitivity

ability to recognise and respond to changes in the environment

Control

maintaining a constant internal environment (e.g. blood glucose levels/body temperature)

Growth

increasing in size and mass

Reproduction

producing offspring

Excretion

removal of toxic, chemical waste products of cells

Nutrition

making food (plants by photosynthesis) or eating organisms

Waste Product of Lungs

carbon dioxide

Waste Product of Skin

sweat

Waste Product of Kidneys

urine

Unicellular Organism

organism composed of only one cell (e.g. bacteria, amoeba, yeast)

Multicellular Organism

organism composed of multiple cells

Organelle

compartment within a cell that has a specialised function

Cell

basic structural unit of living organisms

Tissue

collection of similar cells working together to perform the same function

Organ

collection of tissues working together to perform a function

Organ System

collection of different organs working together to perform a function

What level of organisation in a plant is a leaf or a root?

organ

3 Things Shared by All Cells

genetic material (DNA), cell membrane, cytoplasm

Eukaryotic cells

DNA is contained in a nucleus with a nuclear membrane

Prokaryotic Cell

DNA is not contained in a nucleus

What is sugar stored as in humans?

glycogen

What is sugar stored as in plants?

starch

How is the absence of a cell wall linked to movement?

more movement

3 Features of Plant Cells That Differ From Animal Cells

cellulose cell wall, chloroplasts, large permanent vacuole

Cell Membrane

controls what substances can enter and exit he cell

Nucleus

controls the chemical reactions that occur in the cell and contains DNA

Cytoplasm

where the chemical reactions in the cell occur

Mitochondria

produce energy (ATP) via respiration

Ribosome

helps create proteins (protein synthesis)

Chloroplast

contains a green pigment called chlorophyll which absorbs light energy for photosynthesis

Cellulose Cell Wall

provides the cell with support and is permeable to water/dissolved substances

Large Permanent Vacuole

filled with cell sap to help keep the cell firm by creating turgor pressure

Total Magnification

eye piece lens x objective lens

Stem Cell

unspecialised cell that can divide by mitosis and differentiate into a specialised cell