Qualitative and Quantitative White Blood Cell Disorders

What leukocyte abnormality causes a shift to the left

presence of immature granulocytes in peripheral blood

What are dark staining granules in cytoplasm of neutrophils

toxic granulation

What are light blue patches in cytoplasm of neutrophils

dohle bodies

What anomaly has round or bilobed nuclei

Pelger Huet Anomaly

What is considered one of the first signs of pernicious anemia

hypersegmentation

What causes neutrophilia

bacterial infections, inflammation, stress

what causes neutropenia

acute infection, antibodies, drugs

what causes leukocytosis

IM, CMV, whooping cough

what causes eosinophilia

allergies, parasitic infections

What causes a quantitative WBC disorder

increased or decreased cell counts (any lineage)

What causes a qualitative WBC disorder

structural or functional defects

What is Chediak-Higashi syndrome

rare and fatal qualitative disorder of neutrophils

What are the characteristics of Chediak-Higashi

giant lysosomal granules, defective platelet function, albino characteristics, photophobia, frequent infections

What are characteristics of may hegglin anomaly

large dohle body-like inclusions within neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, and monocytes, giant platelets

What are the characteristics of pelger huet

hyposegmented neutrophils (bilobed/dumbell) shift to the left, cell function usually normal

What causes infectious mononucleosis and how

Epstein Barr virus; attaches to B receptor on B lymphocytes

What is associated with atypical (reactive) lymphocytosis

infectious mononucleosis, CMV and HIV

What are the characteristics of Alder-Reilly

large purplish granules in cytoplasm of all leukocytes; inherited autosomal recessive disorder

What cell receptors does CMV affect and how

Decreases CD4 (T helper lymphocytes) and increases CD8 (T suppressor lymphocytes)

What is Gaucher’s Disease

a rare genetic defect of macrophages

What is an unusual complication that may occur in infectious mononucleosis

hemolytic anemia

What enzymes are in the primary granules of neutrophils

myeloperoxidase, lysosome and acid phosphatase

What enzymes are in the secondary/tertiary granules of neutrophils

lactoferrin, collagenase, NADPH oxidase and alkaline phosphatase

what absolute neutrophil count demonstrates neutropenia

<1.5×10⁹/L