SAPONI

FROTH TEST

SAPONIN GLYCOSIDE

• form colloidal solutions in water that foam upon shaking –

HEMOLYSIS TEST

SAPONIN GLYCOSIDE

• Destroy red blood cells by hemolysis and are toxic especially to cold- blooded animals –

SAPOGENINS

The aglycones, usually prepared by acid catalyzed hydrolysis, usually termed as

SAPOTOXINS

– poisonous saponins 

• Many are toxic to insects and mollusks, and some have been used for controlling schistosomiasis snails. 

Diosgenin and botogenin

• Dioscorea 

• the most important plant steroids for the partial synthesis of steroid hormones

  • from the genus of

TRITERPENOID SAPONINS

 

have large number of carbon atoms ( C27 to C 30) making them lipophilic

• Agave 

• Hecogenin, manogenin and gitogenin from species of

Saponins

have been used experimentally to enhance the absorption of insulin from the application of nasal aerosols. 

LICORICE ROOT

GLYCYRRHIZA

AKA: 

GLYCYRRHETIC ACID 

• Use as anti- inflammatory agent

Yam

is a popular name for several species of Discorea

MEXICAN YAM

represents rich sources of principles used as cortisone precursors.

BOTOGENEN AND DIOSGENIN

obtained from the root of Dioscorea spiculifora , a cultivated species

GINSENG

Is the root of perennial herbs Panax quinquefolius Linne. ( American Ginseng) and Panax ginseng ( Fam. Araliaceae) 

• Contains a complex mixture of triterpenoid saponins that can be either steroidal triterpenes or pentacyclic related to oleanoic acid

USE: 

• A favorite remedy in Chinese medicine and is considered to have tonic, stimulant, diuretic, and carminative properties. 

• Performance and endurance enhancer 

• In the Orient, it is used in the treatment of anemia, diabetes, insomia, neurasthenia, gastritis, and, especially, sexual impotence (aphrodisiac).

GINSENOSIDE RG1 –

one of the major saponins found in ginseng 

• An example of a glycoside with a steroidal triterpene aglycone, ( 20S) – protopanaxatriol