STS - Prelims

Science

Is the systematic study of the natural world through observation and experimentation.

Technology

Is the application of scientific knowledge to create tools and processes that improve life.

Science and Technology

Influence each other: discoveries drive new technologies, and technology enables further exploration.

The Wheel - Mesopotamia

Revolutionized transportation and trade, facilitating easier movement of goods and people.

Cuneiform and Hieroglyphics

Enable record-keeping and knowledge transfer, paving the way for written communication in ancient civilizations

Roman Aqueducts

Engineered to carry water to cities, baths, and fountains, improving public health and advancing urban infrastructure

Al-khwarizmi’s Algebra

Helped establish the foundation for modern algebra, greatly influencing the field of mathematics

The Mechanical Clocks

Installed in church towers, were among the earliest timekeeping devices

Johannes Gutenberg’s Printing Press

Revolutionized communication and literacy by enabling mass production of written material

Scientific Method - Francis Bacon

Introduced a systematic approach focused on observation, and experimentation to advance scientific discovery

Telescope - Galileo Galilei

Transformed astronomy with groundbreaking discoveries such as the moons of Jupiter, challenging previous models of the universe

Laws of Motion - Isaac Newton

Laid the foundation for classical physics, influencing the understanding of forces and motion

Steam Engine - James Watt

Transformed industries by driving mechanized production and boosting productivity

Incandescent Light - Thomas Edison

Introduced a more reliable, longer-lasting alternative to candles and gas lamps, revolutionizing lighting

Assembly Line - Ransom Olds and Henry Ford

Streamlined manufacturing processes, reducing costs and making products like cars more affordable

Airplane (The Wright Flyer) - Wright Brothers

Pioneered powered flight, transforming transportation and global connectivity

Penicillin - Alexander Fleming

Revolutionized medicine by providing the first effective antibiotic, saving millions from bacterial infections.

DNA Structure - James Watson and Francis Crick

Discovered the double-helix structure of DNA, laying the foundation for advances in genetics and heredity

Smartphones

Combines many functions in one portable device that has reshaped communication, entertainment, and daily life

Blockchain Technology

Introduced decentralized systems for secure digital transactions, enabling cryptocurrencies

CRISPR-Cas9 Gene-Editing - Jennifer Doudna and Emmanuelle Charpentier

Enables precise genetic modifications in medicine

Banaue Rice Terraces

It is for sustainable farming and irrigation in mountainous regions.

Traditional Medicine

The use of herbal remedies such as lagundi, sambong, and tawa-tawa, passed down orally through folk healers.

Balangay

It is for trade and transport and it demonstrated indigenous shipbuilding techniques.

Weapons and tools

It showcased Indigenous metalworking techniques used for farming and defense.

Mapping and Cartography

It created more accurate geographic knowledge. This facilitated better navigation, trade, and the establishment of towns and infrastructure.

Food Preservation

The enhancement of traditional food preservation techniques, including drying (tuyo), salting (daing), and fermentation (bagoong), occurred over centuries.

Aquaculture

These practices were adapted to maintain sustainable fishing practices, using local ecological knowledge to manage fish populations and habitats.

Establishment of Scientific Institutions

Established in the Philippines, such as the Philippine Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC) in 1958, renamed the Philippine Nuclear Research Institute (PNRI) in 1987 promotes nuclear energy, the Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS) in 1952 monitors natural hazards, and the National Academy of Science and Technology (NAST) in 1976 recognizes and supports scientific achievements.

Sustainable Alternative Lighting (SALt) - Engr. Aisa Mijeno

This eco-friendly lamp utilizes saltwater as a power source to generate electricity and makes it an affordable and renewable alternative to traditional lighting.

Maria Orosa

Was a pioneering Filipino food technologist and chemist known for her contributions to food preservation and the development of new food products. One of her famous inventions was banana ketchup

Abelardo Aguillar

Was a Filipino scientist and medical researcher best known for his significant contributions to the development of the antibiotic erythromycin. This antibiotic was developed as an alternative to penicillin.

Gregorio Zara

Was a Filipino engineer, physicist, National Scientist, and inventor. He made significant contributions to the fields of aeronautics, telecommunications, and electrical engineering. Known as the “Father of Videoconferencing” for inventing the first two-way video telephone in 1955

Lourdes Cruz

Is a Filipino biochemist recognized for her research on the toxic properties of conus marine snails(Conotoxins)

Raul Destura

Is a prominent Filipino molecular biologist and microbiologist. Developed the “Biotek-M Dengue Detection Kit”

Honesty and Integrity in Research

Ensure accurate data collection, transparency, and proper acknowledgment of sources,

Respect for People

Obtain informed consent from participants, especially in research involving humans, Ensure privacy and protect personal information.

Social Responsiblity

Develop technologies that improve lives, address societal needs, and avoid harming vulnerable group or the environment.

Sustainability and Environmental Care

Consider the long-term impact of innovations on the environment. Develop sustainable technologies that minimize harm and promote conservation.

Accountability and Fair Access

Take responsibility for any negative consequences of research or technology. Ensure equitable access to advancement and reduce social inequalities.