Menstrual Cycle (recorded discussion)

menstrual cycle

• for the release of an egg of a potential fertilization

• implantation of the endometrium

• 28 days

follicular, ovulation, luteal

ovarian phases

follicular phase (day 1-13)

preparing a follicle to release a mature egg

ovulation phase (day 14; midpoint)

ovum released in peritoneal cavity swept into FT with help of fimbria (cilia)

luteal phase (day 15-28)

preparing for possible pregnancy… if cycle restarts

menstrual, proliferative, secretory

uterine changes

menstrual (days 1-6)

• shedding of stratum functionalis of endometrium (pregnancy didn’t occur last cycle)

• decrease progesterone and estrogen

proliferative (days 7-14)

• stratum functionalis rebuilds due to estrogen (being released by follicle maturing and thinning of cervical mucous)

• sperm friendly

secretory (days 15-28)

endometrium is ready for implantation from secretion of progesterone by corpus luteum

corpus luteum

supports growing fetus

folllicles

fluid-filled sac; contains an oocyte

oocyte

immature egg

graafian follicle

• mature follicle

• releases a mature ovum

• produces estrogen

LH

• releasing of the follicle; cause ovulation to happen

• causes egg to mature

24-26 hours

(time range) ovaries will release the ovum after a postive feedback (day 14)

corpus luteum

• responsible for progesterone and estrogen release

• turns to corpus albicans if there is no fertilization

• acts as a temporary endocrine structure

8 weeks

what week the placenta will begin to form

last 5 days of the follicular and during the ovulation (cycles 1-14)

considered the most fertile time for a woman to get pregnant

• 5 days

• 24 hrs

how much time they can live:

• sperm

• egg

fertile cycle days

days 9-16 (follicular to ovulation)

peritoneal cavity; fimbria

ovum travels through the ______ with the help of the _____

0.4-1 degree Fahrenheit

women will have a low basal body temp. before the ovulation and it will increase about ______ during ovulation

goal of luteal phase

to prepare the endometrium for a possible fertilized egg

graafian follicle

while the corpus luteum is formed, the _____ will also develop

progesterone

• stimulant for estrogen production

• allows the endometrium to receive the fertilized ovum for implantation

• stops the production of LH, FSH, and estrogen - it inhibits the hypothalamus from releasing GnRH

human chorionic gonadotropin (HcG)

• prevents corpus luteum from dying

• detected during blood test

millions

_____ of sperm that will fertilize a single egg

24-48 hrs; 24 hrs; 48 hrs; atrophy

fertilization must take place between _____ because the ovum is only capable of fertilization for only _____ at most _____, after that, it will ____

72 hrs

critical time span during sexual intercourse that must occur to approximately fertilize the egg

72 hrs

ovulation (time)

24 hrs

fertilization (time)

16-50

zygote contains ____ cells

oogenesis

it occurs in the outer layer of the ovaries

mitosis

increase the number of cells (1-2 million cells in embryo)

1st 24 hrs and continues to happen 1 time every 22 hrs

1st cleavage will occur in what time span

morula

it has a bumpy outward appearance

morula and blastocyst

who will form the placenta

mulberry

morus means

embryoblast

inner cell blast

1. ovulation

2. fertilization

3. cleavage

4. morula

5. early blastocyst

6. late blastocyst

… through implantation (OFCMEL)

within 38 weeks

the ovum matures from a single cell to a fully formed fetus ready for birth in what week

1. pre-embryonic (first 2 weeks; starts with fertilization)

2. embryonic (weeks 3-8)

3. fetal (week 8 to birth)

3 periods of stages of fetal growth dev’t

ovulation age

time of ovulation or fertilization

gestational age

1st day of the last menstrual period

fetal heart beat

4 weeks

all organs are formed

8 weeks

fetal heart tone can be heard via doppler

8-12 weeks

sex can be seen; looks like a baby; fetal gender via unltrasound

16 weeks

viability

20 weeks

fetal respiration movements

24 weeks

lung surfactant

28 weeks

sucking

32 weeks

full term

40 weeks

• 4 weeks

• 8 weeks

• 8-12 weeks

• 16 weeks

• 20 weeks

• 24 weeks

• 28 weeks

• 32 weeks

• 40 weeks

milestones in fetal development

1st trimester

organogenesis will occur in what trimester

120-160 bpm

normal fetal heart tone

trophoblast

will help the formation of placenta

Franz Karl Naegele, german obstetrician

formulated the Naegele’s Rule

ultrasound movement in the first trimester

most accurate way to calculate gestational age

• urine test

• blood test

• ultrasound (confirmatory)

diagnosis of pregnancy

gravity and parity

• are terms used in maternity nursing to help us communicate a patient’s pregnancy and birth history

• provides more comprehensive data on obstetric history

GTPAL

one system is the 5-digit system called ___

gravida, term, parity, abortion, living children

GTPAL

gravity and parity

a basic 2-digit system that only gives info. about the number of pregnancies and birth

gravidity

no. of times a woman is or has been pregnant

parity

• carried the pregnancy to a viable gestational age

• number of pregnancies completed at 20 weeks gestation

• number of times a woman has given birth to a live neonate