WEEK+1a_CH+1+An+Introduction+to+Anatomy+and+Physiology

What is the difference between anatomy and physiology?

Anatomy is the study of structure, while physiology is the study of function.

What are the levels of organization in the human body?

The levels of organization are chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, and organism.

Define homeostasis.

Homeostasis is the ability to maintain a stable internal environment despite changes in external conditions.

What is negative feedback in homeostasis?

Negative feedback is a process that counteracts a change in the body's internal environment, helping to restore stability.

What is the anatomical position?

The anatomical position is standing up with hands at the sides, palms facing forward, feet together, and eyes facing forward.

What are the four primary tissue types?

The four primary tissue types are epithelial tissue, connective tissue, muscle tissue, and nervous tissue.

What is the main function of the cardiovascular system?

The cardiovascular system transports cells and dissolved materials, including nutrients, wastes, and gases throughout the body.

What defines the tissue level of organization?

The tissue level is defined by a group of cells working together to perform specific functions.

What is the basic principle of the cell theory?

The basic principles of the cell theory are: 1) Cells are the structural building blocks of all plants and animals, 2) Cells are produced by the divisions of pre-existing cells, and 3) Cells are the smallest structural units that perform all vital functions.

What is the role of the lymphatic system?

The lymphatic system defends against infection and disease and returns tissue fluid to the bloodstream.

What are the major functions of the digestive system?

The digestive system processes food and absorbs nutrients, eliminates excess water, salts, and wastes.

How does the body support its demands for oxygen?

The body supports its demands for oxygen by utilizing the processes of respiration and circulation.

What does the term 'superior' refer to in anatomical terms?

Superior refers to a position above or higher than another part of the body.

What is the main function of muscle tissue?

The main function of muscle tissue is to produce movement, provide support, and generate heat.

What are the primary functions of connective tissue?

Connective tissue supports, binds together, and protects tissues and organs of the body.

What is the primary role of the nervous system?

The primary role of the nervous system is to detect and process sensory information and direct responses.

How do the respiratory and cardiovascular systems work together?

The respiratory system delivers oxygen to the lungs, where it is then transported through the cardiovascular system to the body's tissues.

What happens during excretion?

Excretion is the elimination of undigested food and metabolic wastes, regulating body fluids and temperatures.

What process begins digestion?

Digestion begins with mechanical and chemical processes that break down nutrients from food.

What is the function of the endocrine system?

The endocrine system directs long-term changes in other organ systems via hormone regulation.

What anatomical term describes lying face up?

The term is 'supine'.

What happens at the capillary beds in the body?

Gas exchange occurs at capillary beds, delivering oxygen and nutrients while removing carbon dioxide and wastes.

What anatomical term describes the front of the body?

The term is 'anterior' or 'ventral'.

What role does the urinary system play in homeostasis?

The urinary system regulates water balance, electrolyte balance, and controls blood pH.

What is the significance of learning outcomes in studying anatomy and physiology?

Learning outcomes guide knowledge and skill acquisition, helping students understand key concepts necessary for mastery.

Describe the interrelationships between structure and function.

Structure determines function; physiological mechanisms can only be understood concerning their underlying structural relationships.

What is the primary function of epithelial tissue?

The primary function of epithelial tissue is to act as a barrier and provide protection, covering surfaces and lining cavities.

What is the main function of the integumentary system?

The integumentary system protects the body, regulates temperature, and provides sensory information.

What are the components of the muscular system?

The muscular system is composed of skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscles.

What role do bones play in the human body?

Bones provide structure, protect organs, anchor muscles, and store calcium.

What is the function of the respiratory system?

The respiratory system is responsible for gas exchange, bringing oxygen into the body and removing carbon dioxide.

What is the primary purpose of the reproductive system?

The reproductive system's primary purpose is to produce offspring and ensure the continuation of genetic material.

How do hormones affect bodily functions?

Hormones regulate various processes, including metabolism, growth, and mood, by acting on specific target cells.

What is the role of the adrenal glands?

The adrenal glands produce hormones that help regulate metabolism, immune response, and stress reactions.

What does the term 'ventral' refer to?

Ventral refers to the front side or belly of the body.

How does the body maintain thermoregulation?

The body maintains thermoregulation through mechanisms like sweating, shivering, and adjusting blood flow.

What is the significance of the central nervous system?

The central nervous system processes sensory information and coordinates responses throughout the body.

What is the primary function of the skeletal system?

The primary function of the skeletal system is to provide structure, support, and protection for the body.

What does the term 'inferior' refer to in anatomy?

Inferior refers to a position below or lower than another part of the body.

What is the role of the endocrine system?

The endocrine system regulates bodily functions through the release of hormones.

What are the components of the circulatory system?

The circulatory system comprises the heart, blood vessels, and blood.

What is the primary function of epithelial tissue?

Epithelial tissue serves as a barrier, providing protection and covering surfaces.

What is the main function of the urinary system?

The urinary system removes waste from the body and regulates water and electrolyte balance.

What are the three types of muscle tissue?

The three types of muscle tissue are skeletal, smooth, and cardiac.

What role does the nervous system play in response to stimuli?

The nervous system detects stimuli, processes sensory information, and initiates responses.

What is the significance of blood circulation?

Blood circulation delivers nutrients and oxygen to cells while removing waste products.

What anatomical term describes lying face down?

The term is 'prone'.

What is the primary function of the respiratory system?

The primary function of the respiratory system is gas exchange—intaking oxygen and expelling carbon dioxide.

What is the role of the digestive system?

The digestive system processes food, absorbs nutrients, and eliminates waste.

What is meant by 'anatomical position'?

Anatomical position refers to standing upright, facing forward, arms at the sides, and palms facing forward.

What is the function of the integumentary system?

The integumentary system protects the body, regulates temperature, and provides sensory information.

How do muscles enable movement?

Muscles contract and relax to produce movement by pulling on bones.

What is the basic unit of life?

The basic unit of life is the cell.

What is the role of the lymphatic system?

The lymphatic system supports immune function and returns tissue fluid to circulation.

What does the term 'posterior' mean in anatomy?

Posterior refers to the back side of the body.

What is the purpose of homeostasis?

Homeostasis maintains stable internal conditions necessary for survival despite external changes.

What is the role of hormones in the body?

Hormones act as chemical messengers to regulate various physiological processes.

What is meant by the term 'metabolism'?

Metabolism refers to all chemical reactions that occur within the body to maintain life.