English Grammar and Vocabulary Review

This set of flashcards presents key vocabulary and grammar points related to English grammar and vocabulary as discussed in the lecture notes.

Past Simple

Used for actions that are completed in the past and considered in their entirety.

Present Simple

Used for habits or general truths.

Present Perfect

Formed with 'have' + past participle, indicating actions that started in the past and continue to the present or have present consequences.

Present Continuous (Be + ING)

Used to describe actions happening at the current moment.

Past Perfect

Formed with 'had' + past participle; indicates an action that was completed before another past action.

Action in Progress

An ongoing action that was started in the past and continues into the present.

Consequence

The result of an action that relates to the present.

Debrief

Reviewing the key points or decisions made after an event, useful in the context of meetings or evaluations.

Increase

To make something grow larger or greater; often used in economic contexts.

Drop

To reduce or decrease in value or amount.

Revising Downward

Changing an estimate or prediction to a lower figure.

Workforce

The labor pool in employment; the total number of workers.

GDP (Gross Domestic Product)

The total value of goods produced and services provided in a country during one year.

Unemployment Rate

The percentage of the labor force that is jobless and actively seeking employment.

Inflation

The rate at which the general level of prices for goods and services is rising.

Public Spending

Government expenditure on the public sector.

Supply Chain

The entire system of production, processing, and distribution.

Branch

A subsidiary or division of a company.

Consumer Spending

The total money spent by consumers in the economy.

Health Minister

Government official responsible for public health policy.

Health Hazard

Something that poses a risk or danger to health.

Public Health Officials

Individuals responsible for carrying out public health policies and responses.

Epidemic

A widespread occurrence of an infectious disease in a community at a particular time.

To Alienate

To make someone feel isolated or estranged.

Compulsory Liquidation

A process in which a company's assets are sold to pay off debts, ordered by a court.

Company

A legal entity formed to conduct business.

To Overcome

To successfully deal with or gain control over something.