Chapter 29: Protection, Support, and Movement

Vocabulary flashcards focusing on integumentary structures, coloration, skeletal types, and mechanisms of animal movement based on Chapter 29 lecture notes.

Integument

The outer covering of the body.

Calcification

A process of hardening the invertebrate integument using calcium carbonate.

Sclerotization

A process of hardening the invertebrate integument using sclerotin.

Keratinization

The process by which vertebrate epidermis and derivatives are hardened using keratin.

Structural color

Production of iridescent or metallic colors by the physical structure of body coverings rather than pigments.

Chromatophores

Pigment-containing cells responsible for producing animal colors.

Melanin

A pigment used in animal coloration that produces black and brown hues.

Carotenoid

A pigment used in animal coloration that produces yellow and red hues.

Guanine

Crystals found in cells that produce a silvery or metallic shine in animals.

Hydrostatic Skeleton

A support system in many fluid-filled invertebrates where fluid pressure supports the body.

Muscular hydrostat

Muscular appendages with no skeletal structure inside (such as tongues, squid/octopus tentacles, or an elephant's trunk) that can bend and twist in almost any direction.

Rigid Skeletons

Skeletal systems formed from hard structures where attached muscles produce movement.

Exoskeleton

A protective outer rigid skeleton (found in molluscs and arthropods) composed of shells, spicules, or plates with jointed parts.

Endoskeleton

A rigid skeleton formed inside the body, composed of calcium carbonate in echinoderms or calcium phosphate in vertebrates.

Ciliary and Flagellar Movement

Locomotion produced by rhythmic motions of hair-like strands called cilia or flagella.

Muscle tissue

Tissue specialized for contraction that appeared early in the evolution of animals.