2.7 Acids and bases Chemistry grade 10

Acids

Compounds that release H+ ions when dissolved in water

Bases

Compounds that release OH- ions when dissolved in water

Alkali

Another word for bases

What colour does litmus paper turn in an acid?

Red

What colour does litmus paper turn in a base?

Blue

What does an acid taste like?

Sour

What does a base taste like?

Bitter or soapy

What does an acid feel like?

Irritating/corrosive

What does a base feel like?

Slippery

Examples of acids:

Fruit juice, soda, coffee

Examples of bases:

Baking soda, ammonia, soap

How did scientists distinguish acids from bases many millenniums ago?

Tastes and feelings

What are the similarities of acids and bases?

Corrosive, conduct electricity (in aqueous solutions), neutralize each other, dissolve in water

What pH levels belong to acids?

0-7

What pH levels belong to bases?

7-14

Do acids react with metals?

Yes, many of them

Do bases react with metals?

Few- Aluminum and Zinc

What do acids react with besides for metals?

Carbonates

What do bases react with besides for metals?

Nothing

What colour do acids turn mixed with phenolphthalein?

Colourless/white

What colour do bases turn mixed with phenolphthalein?

magenta

What is a binary compound?

A compound with only two elements (no polyatomics)

What element does every acid start with?

H (hydrogen)

What element does every base end with?

OH (hydroxide)

Rules from naming binary acid:

Hydro_______ic acid

Rules for making binary acid formula:

H + non-metal crisscross

What is an oxyacid?

A compound with 3+ elements, polyatomics ending in ate only

Rules for Oxyacid naming:

_______ic acid

Rules from making an oxyacid formula:

H + polyatomic crisscross

Rules from naming bases:

Metal ion/ammonium hydroxide (ie- sodium hydroxide)

Rules for making a base formula:

Starts with metal ion/ammonium and ends in OH crisscross (brackets around OH if charge is more than one)

What is an acid-base indicator?

Any substance that changes colour in presence of acid/base )most often litmus)

What is an universal indicator?

A mixture of chemicals that changes colour through a range of pH levels

What does it mean if something is aqueous?

A element/compound that is dissolved in water

What is a pH scale?

How you measure acids and bases (the number of hydrogen ions)

What does pH stand for?

Power of hydrogen

What are the strong acids?

0-2

What are the weak acids?

3-6

What are the strong bases?

12-14

What are the weak bases?

8-11

What number is neutral?

7

What does each pH unit represent?

A power of 10

What is a neutralization reaction?

When an acid and base react

What is the general reaction between an acid and base?

Acid + base → water + salt

What is a salt?

Any ionic compound formed from neutralization

What are antacids?

Bases that neutralize the acid

What is heartburn caused by?

Acid reflux- acid moving up the esophagus