SAS 2 PHILIPPINES IN THE 19TH CENTURY

Abaca

• natural fiber extracted from a type of banana plant, used in the production of rope and textiles

• used in the context of a crop that boosted philippine exports

Cortez ( Spanish Cortes )

• The national Legislature of Spain

• refers to the governing body that filipinos lacked representation in

enlightenment

• an intellectual and philosophical movement that arose in 18th century europe and emphasized reason, logic, and scientific method

• describes a european movement that influenced filipino ideas

Europeans /europe

• refers to the countries and people of europe, particularly those involved in colonialism and enlightenment

frailocracy

• a system of government where the friars hold significant political power

• describes the power structure where friars oppressed Filipinos

Illustrados

• filipino elites who received higher education, often in europe

• refers to the educated Filipinos who advocated for reform

Nationalism

• a devotion to one’s nation; a sense of national consciousness

• is central to the passage as it describes the movement Rizal became part of

propaganda movement

• movement by filipino exiles Europe who advocated for reform in the Philippines

• refers to the group working to pressure spain for change

Suez canal

• a man made waterway connecting the Mediterranean sea to the Red sea, shortening the travel time between europe and asia

• used to describe a development that increased interaction between Philippines and Europe

19th century

• was a time of great change for many countries

• meant a continuation of harsh treatment for the filipino people since spain’s colonial rule was stagnating (not moving)

• countries like england, france, and netherlands were flourishing