Introduction to Psychology - Biopsychology

A collection of key terms and definitions related to biopsychology, neurotransmission, genetics, and the nervous system.

PET scan

Positron emission tomography, a type of brain imaging technique that provides insight into functional aspects of the brain.

CT scan

Computerized tomography, a brain imaging method that creates detailed images of the brain's structure.

fMRI

Functional magnetic resonance imaging, an imaging technique that measures and maps brain activity.

Sickle-cell anemia

A genetic disorder where red blood cells take on a crescent shape, affecting their functionality and leading to various health issues.

Genotype

The genetic makeup of an individual, consisting of the alleles inherited from parents.

Phenotype

The observable characteristics of an individual, which result from the interaction of their genotype with the environment.

Neurons

The basic building blocks of the nervous system that transmit information throughout the body.

Glial cells

Supportive cells in the nervous system that provide insulation, nourishment, and structural support for neurons.

Neurotransmitters

Chemical messengers that transmit signals across the synaptic cleft from one neuron to another.

Sympathetic nervous system

The part of the autonomic nervous system that prepares the body for stress-related activities.

Parasympathetic nervous system

The part of the autonomic nervous system that helps the body return to routine, day-to-day operations.

Corpus callosum

A thick band of neural fibers connecting the left and right hemispheres of the brain, facilitating communication between them.

Endocrine system

A collection of glands that produce hormones to regulate various bodily functions.

Hormones

Chemical messengers released into the bloodstream, affecting cells with the appropriate receptors.

Neuroplasticity

The ability of the nervous system to change and adapt in response to experience or injury.

Action potential

An electrical signal that travels down the axon of a neuron, triggered by reaching a threshold of excitation.

Reuptake

The process where neurotransmitters are reabsorbed into the presynaptic neuron after transmitting a signal.

Broca's area

A region of the frontal lobe associated with language production.

Wernicke's area

A region of the temporal lobe associated with the comprehension of speech.