English Civil War and the Glorious Revolution Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards for reviewing the English Civil War and the Glorious Revolution.

King John

A weak king who signed the Magna Carta in 1215, granting unique rights to nobles, including the 'power of the purse'.

Power of the Purse

The most important right granted to nobles in England by the Magna Carta, meaning the King could not raise new taxes without their approval.

Parliament

An elected group made up of members of the nobility, wealthy non-nobles, and clergy who created laws and controlled taxes in England.

Elizabethan Bargain

An agreement where Parliament created laws and controlled taxes, while the monarch controlled the military and foreign policy.

English Monarchs

Claimed absolute power over Parliament and the law in the early 1600s, leading to conflict and rebellion.

James I

King of Scotland who united the thrones of Scotland and England, known for being a big spender and having Catholic sympathies.

Charles I

Successor to James I who believed in the Divine Right of Kings and whose Catholic sympathy alienated him from the people and Parliament.

Petition of Rights

A document issued by Parliament stating the King could not tax the people without Parliament’s agreement, declare martial law, board soldiers in private homes during peacetime, or imprison a person without a specific charge.

Cavaliers

Supporters of the King during the English Civil War.

Roundheads

Supporters of Parliament during the English Civil War.

Oliver Cromwell

Leader of Parliament’s Roundheads and the New Model Army who defeated Charles I and abolished the monarchy.

Restoration

The period after Cromwell's death when the monarchy was restored in England.

Charles II

Took possession of the Dutch colony of New Amsterdam and renamed it New York.

James II

Sought to rule absolutely, converting to Catholicism, which led to fear of a Catholic dynasty in England.

Glorious Revolution

The peaceful transfer of power in 1688 where William and Mary replaced James II.

English Bill of Rights, 1689

Document that William and Mary had to agree to before being given the throne, asserting the supremacy of Parliament over the King.

Commonwealth

A republic; for example, the Commonwealth of Virginia.

Puritans

Members of the Anglican Church who wanted to purify it of any Catholic influences.

House of Commons

The most influential part of England’s Parliament.

Alienated

Being separated or isolated from other people or groups.

Glorious

Having, worthy of, or bringing fame or admiration.