________ has limited prospects for economic advancement at home.
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New Mexico
In 1912, ________ and Arizona were admitted as the 47th and 48th states.
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British colonial era
The restrictions, which date from the ________, are designed to protect the ethnic identity of the Assamese by limiting the number of outsiders to compete for jobs and purchase land.
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form of relocation
Although migration is a(n) ________ diffusion, reasons for migrating can be gained from expansion diffusion.
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Chesapeake Bay
When the first US census was taken in 1790, the population center was located in the ________, near Charleston, Maryland.
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Ravenstein
________ theorized that males were more likely than females to migrate long distances to other countries because searching for work was the main reason for international migration and males were much more likely than females to be employed.
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Emigration
________ is migration from a location; immigration is migration to a location.
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E G Ravenstein
Geography has no comprehensive theory of migration, although a nineteenth- century outline of 11 migration "laws "written by ________ is the basis for contemporary geography migration studies.
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invention of modern transportation
Before the ________, such as railroads and motor vehicles, people migrated across land masses by horse or on foot.
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economic migrants
The distinction between ________ and refugees is important because the United States, Canada, and Western European countries treat the two groups differently.
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dictatorship of Francis
Under the ________ (Papa Doc) Duvalier (1956- 1971) and his son Jean- Claude (Baby Doc) Duvalier (1971- 1986), the Haitian government persecuted its political opponents at least as harshly as did the Cuban government.
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Americans
________ are divided concerning whether an authorized migration helps or hurts the country.
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Geographer Wilbur Zelinsky
________ identified a migration transition, which consists of changes in society comparable to those in the demographic transition.
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Christopher Columbus
In the 500- plus years since ________ sailed from Spain to the Western Hemisphere, about 65 million Europeans have migrated to other continents.
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El Paso
Guards heavily patrol border crossings in urban areas such as ________, Texas, and San Diego, California, or along highways, but rural areas are guarded by only a handful of agents.
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Austria Hungary
The era of massive European migration to the United States ended with the start of World War 1 in 1914 because the war involved the most important source countries, such as ________, Germany, and Russia, as well as the United States.
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Vietnam
________ remains a major source of immigrants to the United States, but the pull of economic opportunity is a greater incentive than the push of political persecution.
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Guest workers
________ serve a useful role in Western Europe because they take low- status and low- skilled jobs that local residents wont accept.
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Incentives
________ have been used to stimulate migration to other regions.
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MDCs
________ witnessed a new migration trend during the late 20th century.
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Motor vehicles
________ and airplanes bring most immigrants speedily and reasonably comfortably to the United States and other countries.
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population growth
The capacity of the Sahel to sustain human life- never very high- has declined recently because of ________ and several years of unusually low rainfall.
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Economic Opportunity
People are pushed by poor conditions at home and lured by ________ and social advancement in the United States.
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international network
Computers enable us to work anywhere and still have access to a(n) ________.
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Geographers
________ are especially interested in why people migrate even though migration occurs much less frequently than other forms of mobility because it produces profound changes for individuals and entire cultures.
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Bangladesh
Because Assam is situated on the border with ________, the restrictions also limit international migration.
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Automobiles
________ and trains enable people to live in suburbs yet have access to jobs, shops, and recreational facilities throughout the urban area.
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genuine migration
Most counterurbanization represents a(n) ________ from cities and suburbs to small towns and rural communities.
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Cultural
________ and environmental factors also induce migration, although not as frequently as economic factors.
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CDR
A country in stage 1 of the demographic transition (high CBR and ________ and low and NIR) is characterized by high daily or seasonal mobility in search of food rather than permanent migration to a new location.
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1800s
Migration from rural (or nonmetropolitan) areas to Urban (or metropolitan) areas began in the ________ in Europe and North America as part of the Industrial Revolution.
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Suburban schools
________ tend to be more modern, better equipped, and safer than those in cities.
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Quota laws
________ were designed to ensure that most immigrants to the United States continued to be Europeans.
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Interregional migration
________ has slowed considerably in the United States into the 21st century; net migration between each pair of regions is now close to zero.
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Migration
________ is a form of mobility, which is a more general term covering all types of movements from one place to another.
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Africans
During the eighteenth century, about 400, 000 ________ were shipped as slaves to the 13 colonies that later formed the United States, primarily by the British.
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Indonesian government
Since 1969, the ________ has paid for the migration of more than 5 million people, primarily from the island of Java, where nearly two- thirds of its people live, to less populated islands.
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genuine refugees
The quota does not apply to refugees, who are admitted if they are judged, ________.
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Europe
In ________, guest workers are protected by minimum- wage laws, labor union contracts, and other support programs.
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Vietnam
Cuba, Haiti, and ________ have each set around 25, 000 immigrants a year to the United States in recent decades.
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guest worker
A(n) ________ is typically a young man who arrives alone in a city.
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Americans
________ have always regarded new arrivals with suspicion but tempered their dislike during the 19th century because immigrants help to settle the frontier and extend US control across the continent.
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Interregional migration
________ was important in developing the former Soviet Union.
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Rapid population growth
________ in Europe fueled emigration, especially during the 19th century.
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To understand where and why migration occurs, Ravenstein's "laws" can be organized into three groups
the reasons why migrants move, the distance they typically move, and their characteristics
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We can identify three major kinds of push and pull factors
economic, cultural, and environmental
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The principal obstacle traditionally faced by migrants to other countries was environmental
the long, arduous, and expensive passage over land or by sea
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push factor
induces people to move out of their present location
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pull factor
induces people to move into a new location
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refugees
people who have been forced to migrate from their homes and cannot return for fear of persecution because of their race, religion, nationality, membership in a social group, or political opinion
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floodplain of a river
the area subject to flooding during a specific number of years, based on historical trends
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intervening obstacle
environmental or cultural feature that hinders migration
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international migration
the permanent movement from one country to another
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internal migration
a permanent movement within the same country
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interregional migration
movement from one region of a country to another
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intraregional migration
a movement within one region
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voluntary migration
implies that the migrant has chosen to move for economic Improvement
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forced migration
means that the migrant has been compelled to me by cultural factors
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unauthorized (or undocumented) immigrants
those who do so are entering without proper documents
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chain migration
the migration of people to a specific location because relatives or members of the same nationality previously migrated there
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quotas
maximum limits on the number of people who could immigrate to the United States from each country during a one-year period
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brain drain
a large-scale immigration by talented people
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guest workers
citizens of poor countries to obtain jobs in Western Europe or in the Middle East
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counterurbanization
net migration from urban to rural areas
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migration
a permanent move to a new location
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Emigration
migration from a location; immigration is migration to a location
Studied by 10 people
Note 
Flashcard (33)