aice marine unit 2

1. What is the Kinetic Particle Theory?

The theory of how particles (like atoms & molecules) move in relation to each other & the amount of energy within a system

2. What are the 3 states of matter?

Solid, liquid, gas

3. Sketch a water molecule with appropriate + and – sides.

you know

4. What does it mean that a water molecule is polar?

One end is positive and one end is negative

5. What is an ion?

An atom or molecule with either a positive or negative charge; it has gained or lost an

electron

6. What is ionic boding?

A type of bond when atoms of opposite charges attract to each other; relatively strong bond

7. What are common examples of ionic bonding listed in notes?

Sodium Chloride (salt) NaCl, Calcium Carbonate CaCO 3 , Magnesium Sulfate MgSO 4

8. What is covalent bonding?

A type of bond where two atoms share electrons; both atoms have completed their outer shells, so it is the strongest type of bond

9. What are common examples of covalent bonding listed in notes?

Water H 2 O, Carbon Dioxide CO 2 , Oxygen O 2 , Glucose C 6 H 12 O 6 , and Sulfur Dioxide SO 2

10. What are shells of an atom?

Electrons move around the nucleus in orbits

11. What is the difference between a molecule and a compound?

Molecule- may contain atoms of the same element or different elements, Ex: O 2 & H 2 O Compound- at least 2 different atoms joined together, Ex: H 2 O

12. Explain the importance of hydrogen bonding between water molecules.

-Allows it to dissolve many substances-Water has one of the highest heat capacities-Density- liquid water is denser than ice

13. What is a solvent? What is the main example we always talk about?

A substance which is able to dissolve other substances; water is the main example

14. What is a solute? Give an example:

Substance being dissolved; salt (NaCl) in the ocean

15. What is average ocean salinity?

35؉

16. What is meant that water has high heat capacity

Water is able to store a lot of heat without

changing temperature

17. What is meant by latent heat?

Hidden heat

18. How does water’s latent heat influence the ocean? (think in regards to hurricanes)

Helps to understand how hurricanes are powered

19. What is the difference between the photic and aphotic zones? Where are each of these found?

Photic zone- the thin film of lighted water at the top of the ocean Aphotic zone- the dark ocean below the depth to which light can penetrate

20. What factors influence the intensity and color of light in the sea?

It can be scattered by sediments, dust, and/or other substances like clouds Angle of the sun above the horizon Smoothness or roughness of the sea surface

21. How do different wavelengths of the electromagnetic spectrum penetrate the seawater?

Blue light penetrates the deepest, red the shortest

22. What factors affect the depth of the photic zones (affect how deep light can travel)?

Turbidity Sediments in the water Amount of producers in the water

23. Which moves faster through the ocean: light or sound?

Light

24. Which travels deeper: light or sound?

Sound

25. What causes the refraction of light and sound?

When waves travel from one medium to another, Ex- from the air to the ocean