chemistry

nomenclature

True or false

chemical nomenclature is a way to name systematically name substances

True

What are diatomic molecules? give examples

Diatomic molecules are molecules composed of two atoms, which may be of the same or different chemical elements. Examples include $H<em>2$ (hydrogen), $O</em>2$ (oxygen), and $N_2$ (nitrogen).

What are polyatomic molecules?

Polyatomic molecules are molecules composed of three or more atoms, which can be of the same or different chemical elements. Examples include $H<em>2O$ (water), $CO</em>2$ (carbon dioxide), and $NH_3$ (ammonia).

what are ions?

Ions are atoms or molecules that have an electrical charge due to the loss or gain of one or more electrons. They can be positively charged (cations) or negatively charged (anions).

Fill in the blank

____ are atoms that contain a positive charge due to a loss if electrons. Meanwhile ___ are atoms with a negative charge from gaining electrons.

Cations; anions

how are cations named?

Cations are named by stating the name of the element, followed by the word "ion." For example, Na^+ is named sodium ion.

How are anions named?

Anions are named by taking the root of the element's name and adding the suffix "-ide". For example, Cl^- is named chloride.

Read

The metals in groups 1-3 are unique because they will loose the amount of electrons corresponding to the column they’re in

True or False

Transitional metals can forms different cations w/ different amounts number of + ions

True. Transition metals can form multiple cations by losing different numbers of electrons, resulting in various positive charges.

True or false

All metal lose electrons to form cations

True. All metals lose electrons to form cations; this process results in a positive charge, reflecting the number of electrons lost.

what kind of elements are usually anions?

Nonmetals are usually anions.

How can you anticipate the negative charge relative to its position in the periodic table?

The negative charge of an element is often anticipated based on its group in the periodic table; nonmetals, typically found on the right side, tend to gain electrons, resulting in anions with charges reflective of the number of additional electrons acquired. Group 7 gains one electronto form a charge of -1, while Group 6 elements gain two electrons, giving them a charge of -2.

what holds an ionic compousnd together?

Ionic compounds are held together by the electrostatic forces between positively charged cations and negatively charged anions

what is an ionic compound?

An ionic compound is a chemical compound composed of ions held together by electrostatic forces termed ionic bonds. They form between metals, which lose electrons, and nonmetals, which gain electrons.

What is unique about ionic compounds in water?

Ionic compounds typically dissociate into their constituent ions when dissolved in water, resulting in a solution that conducts electricity due to the movement of these charged ions.

what are binary compunds?

Binary compounds are chemical compounds that consist of exactly two different elements. They can be ionic or covalent, depending on the nature of the bonding between the two elements. when they contain a metal and a nonmetal they are referred to as binary ionic compound

what substance is written first in a binary ionic compound?

The metal constituent is written first (cation), followed by the nonmetal, which is typically named with an '-ide' suffix. (anion)

What are the instructions for naming Binary Ionic Compound Containing a Metal Forming Only One Type of Cation?

The name of the metal is followed by the name of the nonmetal with an '-ide' suffix. No Roman numerals are used since the metal forms only one type of cation. For example, NaCl is named sodium chloride.

What are the instructions for naming a Binary Ionic Compounds Containing a Metal that can Form Two or More Types of Cations?

The name of the metal is followed by its charge indicated in Roman numerals and then the name of the nonmetal with an '-ide' suffix. For example, FeCl$_2$ is named iron(II) chloride. The Roman numeral indicates the oxidation state of the metal cation.

How do you name Binary Compounds Containing 2 Nonmetals?

The first nonmetal retains its name, while the second nonmetal is named with an '-ide' suffix. Prefixes are used to indicate the number of atoms present for each element.

Read

• In a compound formed between 2 nonmetals, the element that occurs first in the series is written and named first

  • Si, B, P, H, C,S, I , Br , N, Cl, O, F

Read

• Certain binary hydrogen compounds when dissolved in water form solutions that have acid properties 

  • Due to this they are given acid names in addition to their regular -ide name

    • E.g. 

      • HCl is a gas called hydrogen chloride, but its water solution is cammed hydrochloric acid

What are binary acids composed of?

Binary acids consist of hydrogen and one other nonmetal element. They are named with the prefix 'hydro-', followed by the name of the nonmetal with an '-ic' suffix, and 'acid' at the end.

true or false

all binary hydrogen compunds are acids

False, only certain binary hydrogen compounds form acids when dissolved in water.

How do you name Acids Derived from Binary Compounds?

Acids derived from binary compounds are named using the prefix 'hydro-', the root of the nonmetal name, and the suffix '-ic', followed by 'acid'. For example, HCl is named hydrochloric acid. In general, the naming format is: "Hydro- + root of nonmetal + -ic + acid" for binary acids.

what is a polyatomic ion?

A polyatomic ion is a charged species composed of two or more atoms covalently bonded together, which functions as a single unit in chemical reactions. Common examples include sulfate (SO$4^{2-}$) and nitrate (NO$3^{-}$).

What are some polyatomic ions that contain oxygen called?

Oxyanions, such as nitrate and sulfate.

True or false

In a polyatomic ion the ate ending contains more oxygen than the ite ending

True; Oxyanions with the "-ate" ending contain more oxygen atoms than those with the "-ite" ending.

What are the instructions for naming polyatomic ions?

polyatomic ions containing oxygen? The names typically end in '-ate' for the ion with more oxygen atoms and '-ite' for the ion with fewer oxygen atoms.

How do you name acids?

• To name these:

1. Verify that the compound is really an oxy-acid

   1. Hydrogen is the first element in the compounds formula

   2. The second portion of the formula consists of polyatomic ion containing O2

2. An oxy-acid isn't necessary. Have to have hydrogen in the name the presence of hydrogen is indicated by the name acid in the substance

3. Determine the type of polyatomic ion by looking at the substance following hydrogen

4. The polyatomic ion is modified in the following manner

   1. -ate ending changes to ic

      1. Contains more O2 than the ous ending 

   2. -ite ending changes to an ous ending 

Prefixes are added when systematically naming 2 nonmetals. In a seperate piece of paper write what each prefix means

mono =

di =

tri =

tetra =

penta =

hexa =

hepta =

octa =

nona =

deca =

one
two
three
four
five
six
seven
eight
ine
ten

What is the chemical formula and charge of acetate?

The chemical formula of acetate is $C<em>2H</em>3O<em>2^-$ or $CH</em>3COO^-$, and it carries a charge of negative one.

What is the chemical formula and charge of ammonium?

The chemical formula of ammonium is $NH_4^+$, and it carries a charge of positive one.

What is the chemical formula and charge of arsenate?

The chemical formula of arsenate is $AsO_4^{3-}$, and it carries a charge of negative three.

What is the chemical formula and charge of hydrogen carbonate?

The chemical formula of hydrogen carbonate is $HCO_3^-$, and it carries a charge of negative one.

What is the chemical formula and charge of hydrogen sulfate?

The chemical formula of hydrogen sulfate is $HSO ext{ }_4^-$, and it carries a charge of negative one.

What is the chemical formula and charge of bromate?

The chemical formula of bromate is $BrO_3^{-}$, and it carries a charge of negative one.

What is the chemical formula and charge of carbonate?

The chemical formula of carbonate is $CO_3^{2-}$, and it carries a charge of negative two.

What is the chemical formula and charge of chromate?

The chemical formula of chromate is $CrO ext{ }_4^{2-}$, and it carries a charge of negative two.

What is the chemical formula and charge of cyanide?

The chemical formula of cyanide is $CN^{-}$, and it carries a charge of negative one.

What is the chemical formula and charge of dichromate?

The chemical formula of dichromate is $Cr<em>2O</em>7^{2-}$, and it carries a charge of negative two.

What is the chemical formula and charge of hydroxide?

The chemical formula of hydroxide is $OH^{-}$, and it carries a charge of negative one.

What is the chemical formula and charge of nitrate?

The chemical formula of nitrate is $NO_3^{-}$, and it carries a charge of negative one.

What is the chemical formula and charge of permanganate?

The chemical formula of permanganate is $MnO_4^{-}$, and it carries a charge of negative one.

What is the chemical formula and charge of phosphate?

The chemical formula of phosphate is $PO_4^{3-}$, and it carries a charge of negative three.

What is the chemical formula and charge of sulfate?

The chemical formula of sulfate is $SO ext{ }_4^{2-}$, and it carries a charge of negative two.

What is the chemical formula and charge of sulfite?

The chemical formula of sulfite is $SO ext{ }_3^{2-}$, and it carries a charge of negative two.

Write formulas for the anions do not forget the charges

chloride

bromide

fluoride

iodide

cyanide

oxide

hydroxide

sulfide

sulfate

hydrogen sulfate

hydrogen sulfite

chromate

carbonate

hydrogen carbonate

acetate

chlorate

permanganate

oxalate

Refer to pg A-16 of the appendix for answers