Anatomy heart notes

Blood Transfers….

Regulates….

Prevents….

Oxygen, Waste, Hormones

Temperature, Ph, Fluid

Infection, Blood Loss

Blood is a connective tissue made of cells suspended in a fluid…… These cells are known as…..

Matrix, Formed Elements

Plasma is….

90% water, 10% dissolved gasses, salts, minerals, nutrients, enzymes, hormones, waste, and proteins

Albumin

Regulate osmosis between blood and tissue

Globulin

Transport substances and fight infection

Fibrinogen

Used in blood clotting

Erythrocytes

Nucleus? or No?

Red blood cells,

No nucleus so they don’t use up oxygen

Hemoglobin is composed of….

4 chains called globin

How many oxygen molecules can one hemoglobin hold?

4 oxygen molecules

Leukocyte

White blood cells

Granulocytes

Have lobe shaped nuclei and visible granules

(Lymphocytes, Monocytes)

Agranulocytes

Have spherical or kidney shaped nuclei and no visible granules (Neutrophils, Eosinophils, Basophils)

This cells engulfs and destroys foreign bacteria and are the most common leukocyte, (more are produced during infection) make up 40-70% of blood

Neutrophils

This cell has a two lobed nuclei, kills parasitic worms and help to lessen allergic reactions, make up 1-5% of blood

Eosinophils

These cells release histamines and dilates blood vessels to help other leukocytes through, make up 1-5% of blood

Basophils

These cells have large spherical nucleus and are mostly found in lymph nodes, T-cells and B-cells, 20-45% make up blood

Lymphocytes

These cells have a kidney shaped nucleus, they leave blood and enter the surrounding tissues to become macrophages, make up 3-8% of blood

Monocytes

These cells are tiny fragments of other cells that help clot the blood when a vessel is broken, aka platelets

Thrombocytes

Stem cells that all formed elements are derived from

Hemocytoblasts

The steps in Hemostasis (blod clot formation)

1\.) Blood vessel contracts

2\.) Platelets are chemically attracted to wounded epithelium

3\.) Injured tissues release tissue factor that interacts with platelets to create thrombin, which combines with fibrogen to create a fibrin mesh

Abnormal clot within a vessel

Disloged abnormal clot that floats through blood

Thrombus

Embolus

When antibodies bind to an antigen, it’s called….

Agglutination

Can cause the most harm during blood transfusions

ABO and Rh antigens

How do Rh antibodies differ from ABO antibodies

ABO is produces immediately, Rh is not

The apex of the heart is….?

The tip of the heart, pointed towards the left hip

Pulmonary Circut

Carries blood to lungs (picks up and releases O2)

Systemic Circut

Carries blood to and from body tissues

The two chambers that contain oxygenated blood

Left Atrium

The two chambers that contain deoxygenated blood

Right Atrium

Atrioventricular valves

Valves between atria and ventricles

What are Semilunar valves

Valves between ventricles and major blood vessels

The path of the intrinsic conduction system

SA node, AV node, AV bundles, Bundle branches, Purkinje Fibers

Atrial contraction and AV valves closing is….

Diastole (Relaxed)

Isovolumetric Contraction and relaxation, Ejection Phase, the the closing of Semilunar valves are….

Systole (Contraction)

Stroke volume is affected by….

Exercise and rapid blood loss

Heart rate is affected by….

Stress, hormones, Ions, Physical Factors

What are the 3 types of blood vessels?

\-Arteries

\-Capillaries

\-Veins

What carries blood back to the heart?

Veins

What carries blood away from the heart?

Arteries

In what blood vessel are gases exchanged with surrounding tissue?

Capillaries

How do muscular veins maintain blood pressure?

Blood is squeezed as muscles contract

How to respiratory veins maintain blood pressure?

Expansion of chest causes blood to move

What do valves do in large veins?

Valves help to prevent back flow

What are the two portions of a capillary?

Shunt: A short cut from an artery to a vein

True Capillaries: Tiny portions that exchange gasses w/ tissues

How can capillary sphincters restrict blood flow?

They close off the true capillaries and restrict flow to shunt