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Blood Transfers….
Regulates….
Prevents….
Oxygen, Waste, Hormones
Temperature, Ph, Fluid
Infection, Blood Loss
Blood is a connective tissue made of cells suspended in a fluid…… These cells are known as…..
Matrix, Formed Elements
Plasma is….
90% water, 10% dissolved gasses, salts, minerals, nutrients, enzymes, hormones, waste, and proteins
Albumin
Regulate osmosis between blood and tissue
Globulin
Transport substances and fight infection
Fibrinogen
Used in blood clotting
Erythrocytes
Nucleus? or No?
Red blood cells,
No nucleus so they don’t use up oxygen
Hemoglobin is composed of….
4 chains called globin
How many oxygen molecules can one hemoglobin hold?
4 oxygen molecules
Leukocyte
White blood cells
Granulocytes
Have lobe shaped nuclei and visible granules
(Lymphocytes, Monocytes)
Agranulocytes
Have spherical or kidney shaped nuclei and no visible granules (Neutrophils, Eosinophils, Basophils)
This cells engulfs and destroys foreign bacteria and are the most common leukocyte, (more are produced during infection) make up 40-70% of blood
Neutrophils
This cell has a two lobed nuclei, kills parasitic worms and help to lessen allergic reactions, make up 1-5% of blood
Eosinophils
These cells release histamines and dilates blood vessels to help other leukocytes through, make up 1-5% of blood
Basophils
These cells have large spherical nucleus and are mostly found in lymph nodes, T-cells and B-cells, 20-45% make up blood
Lymphocytes
These cells have a kidney shaped nucleus, they leave blood and enter the surrounding tissues to become macrophages, make up 3-8% of blood
Monocytes
These cells are tiny fragments of other cells that help clot the blood when a vessel is broken, aka platelets
Thrombocytes
Stem cells that all formed elements are derived from
Hemocytoblasts
The steps in Hemostasis (blod clot formation)
1.) Blood vessel contracts
2.) Platelets are chemically attracted to wounded epithelium
3.) Injured tissues release tissue factor that interacts with platelets to create thrombin, which combines with fibrogen to create a fibrin mesh
Abnormal clot within a vessel
Disloged abnormal clot that floats through blood
Thrombus
Embolus
When antibodies bind to an antigen, it’s called….
Agglutination
Can cause the most harm during blood transfusions
ABO and Rh antigens
How do Rh antibodies differ from ABO antibodies
ABO is produces immediately, Rh is not
The apex of the heart is….?
The tip of the heart, pointed towards the left hip
Pulmonary Circut
Carries blood to lungs (picks up and releases O2)
Systemic Circut
Carries blood to and from body tissues
The two chambers that contain oxygenated blood
Left Atrium
The two chambers that contain deoxygenated blood
Right Atrium
Atrioventricular valves
Valves between atria and ventricles
What are Semilunar valves
Valves between ventricles and major blood vessels
The path of the intrinsic conduction system
SA node, AV node, AV bundles, Bundle branches, Purkinje Fibers
Atrial contraction and AV valves closing is….
Diastole (Relaxed)
Isovolumetric Contraction and relaxation, Ejection Phase, the the closing of Semilunar valves are….
Systole (Contraction)
Stroke volume is affected by….
Exercise and rapid blood loss
Heart rate is affected by….
Stress, hormones, Ions, Physical Factors
What are the 3 types of blood vessels?
-Arteries
-Capillaries
-Veins
What carries blood back to the heart?
Veins
What carries blood away from the heart?
Arteries
In what blood vessel are gases exchanged with surrounding tissue?
Capillaries
How do muscular veins maintain blood pressure?
Blood is squeezed as muscles contract
How to respiratory veins maintain blood pressure?
Expansion of chest causes blood to move
What do valves do in large veins?
Valves help to prevent back flow
What are the two portions of a capillary?
Shunt: A short cut from an artery to a vein
True Capillaries: Tiny portions that exchange gasses w/ tissues
How can capillary sphincters restrict blood flow?
They close off the true capillaries and restrict flow to shunt
Note
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