Roman History Test

How did first punic war start

Rome intervened in a battle of messina of syracuse in sicily

Were relations between Rome and Carthage friendly or hostile before the
First Punic War?

Yes

What did Rome have to develop in order to confront Carthage?

Roma had to develope a corvus which helped destroy carthage navy

Who won all the punic wars

Rome

What unusual item(s) did Hannibal take across the Alps into Rome?

Elephants

Who was the Roman general who won victories in Spain and Northern Italy
during the Second Punic War?

Scipio Africanaus

What event in Hannibal's childhood might have prompted him to attack
Rome?

He swore an oath of hatred towards rome

As a result of the Roman victory in second punic war , what was Carthage forced to do?

Give up all its territories outside of Africa Surrender its navy, except for 10 small ships.
Pay 10,000 talents of silver over 50 years.
Agree not to wage war without Rome's permission

What started the Third Punic War?

Rome wanted to eliminate carthage as a threat

What did Rome do to the land of Carthage?

They destroyed city and put salt to destroy the land and they destroyed everything

What did Rome gain from the Third Punic War?

Rome gained lots of land and elinate their big rival and gained lots of resources adn increased their power and influence

What was Ceasears Education

He got private tutored, and took military training

What were Ceasers policies

Debt releif, jobs for poor, gave land to veterans and he reduced corruption with free grain program

How did Ceasears Assanation go

Ceaser was assinated because he had too powerful and the senate worried he would turn their democracy into a monarchy

What schould Ceasear Be rememberd for

He schould be rememberd for being a military genius by being the first roman general to fully conquer gaul and he stands as one of the greatest generals in history

Pax Romana

Peace Stabilty and prosperit that lasted for 200 years ( golden age)

What was Augustus Ceasers Aproach with his power

He was careful by calling himself a first citzen instead of king or dicator. He was very strategic and patient. He fixed the tax systems and helped develop the roman infrastracture.

Augustuc Econmic

He developed the economy by making it more fair and predicitable, he encouraged trade across the empire and supported agriculture

Augustus Society

Encouraged tradional roman values with famiy and religion he provided jobs with public works projects and he maintaned peace and stability

Augustus Arts

He patronized famous writers like virgil horace and ovid, he promoted roman culture to and made public works to promote roman history.

Augustus Thesis

"Augustus Caesar transformed Rome from a fragile republic into a stable and prosperous empire through econmic reforms he established a legacy of peace and governance that endured for centuries."

Agustus Civil Service

he paid plebians for public work projects with grain supply, tax collection system and postal system

Agustus Trade

1- Denarius -common coinage, used for
additional food and luxury items
2- Waterways -especially Med Sea, used for
trade
3- Roads -used for trade

brought Roman
ways to provinces and linked the Empire to
Persia, Russia

What are the roman values

1- Discipline
2- Strength
3- Loyalty

Slaves

made up 1/3 of population treated as property varying with kind or cruel treatment with many slave revolts but all failed

Bread and Circuisses

Unemployed people in rome would receive grain from the government and distracted them with animals gladiators and chariot races in circus maximus

Crazy Emperor

Commodus thought himself to be a god referring him to hercules he would compete against weak soldiers who were injured and charge rome for his apperances in the colseum his poor leadership lead rome to become bankrupt

Roman Language

The official language of the Roman
Catholic Church into the 20th century

It developed into French, Spanish, Italian,
Portuguese, Romanian -the so-called
Romance languages

More than 50% of the words in English
stem from Latin

Roman Architecture

Pioneered use of the arch, used domes,
and created unique concrete

Created aqueducts to bring water into
cities for drinking, baths, and fountains

Built roads: plentiful, long-lasting

Roman Law/Legal System

The right to equal treatment under the
law

The burden of proof is on the accuser

One is innocent until proven guilty

One is punished for one's actions, not
one's thoughts

Unreasonable and unfair laws are set
aside

Roman Law Ideas

Stoic philosophy

Common sense

Practical ideas

Roman Falls

1) Poor leadership and corruption,2) Over-expansion,3)Constant Invasions,4) Split of empire into east and west,5) Economic problems,6) The Rise of Christianity

Roman Economic Problems

More and more funds were funneled into the military to protect and defend the empire:
constant wars led to overspending.
Technological advancement slowed and Rome's civil infrastructure fell into disrepair.
Oppressive taxation and inflation widened the gap between rich and poor.
The poor grew disgruntled, adding to internal problems.

Political Fall of Western Roman Empire

Politcal Office seen as a burden, civil war and unrest, moving of capitol to byantium

Social Fall of Western Roman Empire

Decline in intrest in public affairs, low confidence in empire, disloyalty , no middle class, decline in popiulation due to disease

Economic Fall of Western Roman Empire

Poor harvests, disruption of trade, no more war loot, inflation, no middle class, crushing tax burden

Military Fall of Western Roman Empire

Threat from northen european tribes, low fund for defense, decline of patriosim, problems recruiting soldiers

How to fix the roman empire

1. Strengthen the Economy
   Reform taxation to be fair and efficient, reducing corruption.
   Stabilize the currency to prevent inflation.
   Encourage trade and agriculture to ensure food supply and wealth throughout the empire.
2. Reform the Military
   Maintain a strong, loyal, and professional army rather than relying heavily on mercenaries.
   Secure borders more effectively to defend against invasions by Germanic tribes and other groups.
   Reduce internal power struggles among generals that led to civil wars.
3. Political and Administrative Reforms
   Reduce corruption in the government by creating a more efficient civil service.
   Decentralize administration to allow provinces more local control, while maintaining loyalty to Rome.
   Ensure smooth succession of leadership to avoid power vacuums and instability.