BP1 IMAGES

Sinusoids (s)

What structure is labeled 's' in the Normal Spleen (Figure 1)?

Splenic cords (c)

What structure is labeled 'c' in the Normal Spleen (Figure 1)?

Red pulp

What is the large, interconnected network area of the splenic parenchyma shown in Figure 1?

Normal spleen

What organ histology is shown in Figure 2?

Thickened trabeculae

What specific structure is indicated by the pointer in the Severely Congested Spleen (Figure 3)?

Distended red pulps

What area of the spleen, engorged with RBCs, is indicated by the pointer in the Severely Congested Spleen (Figure 4)?

Indistinct and barely visible

How do the sinusoids appear in a severely congested spleen (Figure 4)?

Severely congested spleen

What pathology is shown in Figure 5?

Hyperemia

Which condition listed in Table 1 is an active process with increased blood inflow?

Congestion

Which condition listed in Table 1 is a passive process with decreased blood outflow?

Erythematous (red)

What color is the affected tissue in Hyperemia, according to Table 1?

Cyanotic (blue/purple)

What color is the affected tissue in Congestion, according to Table 1?

Acute

What temporal nature is typical for Hyperemia, according to Table 1?

Passive

What is the nature of the process (active/passive) of Congestion, according to Table 1?

Septal walls appear thicker and fibrotic

What specific feature is indicated by the black arrows in the Severe Congestion image (Figure 6)?

Severe congestion (CPC of the lung)

What pathology is shown in Figure 6?

Alveolar spaces

What lung structures are shown in Figure 7 as clear and devoid of cells?

Dilated septal capillary filled with RBCs

What histological feature of the lung is shown in Figure 8, characteristic of Chronic Passive Congestion?

Hemosiderin-laden macrophages

What specific cells, also known as heart failure cells, are indicated by the white arrows in Figure 9?

Brown and black pigments

What two colors of pigment are seen within the Hemosiderin-laden Macrophages in Figure 10?

Hemosiderin (brown granules) and carbon (black granules)

What two types of pigments can hemosiderin-laden macrophages contain, as shown in Figure 10?

Pulmonary edema

What lung pathology is shown in Figure 11?

Normal Lung

What is shown in Figure 12, used for comparison?

Edematous Lung

What is shown in Figure 13, characterized by fluid accumulation?

Pinkish, Acellular, Homogenous fluid

What describes the appearance of pulmonary edema filling the alveolar spaces in Figure 14?

Alveolar spaces

Where does the pinkish, acellular, homogenous fluid accumulate in Pulmonary Edema (Figure 14)?

Classic appearance of Pulmonary Edema

What pathology is shown in Figure 15?

Bronchiole filled with exudate

What structure and content is indicated by the white arrow in Figure 16?

Bronchiolar wall with cartilage

What structure is indicated by the white arrow in Figure 17?

Distributive

Which type of shock in Table 2 has decreased CVP, decreased PCWP, increased Cardiac Output, and decreased Systemic Vascular Resistance?

Cardiogenic

Which type of shock in Table 2 has increased CVP, increased PCWP, decreased Cardiac Output, and increased Systemic Vascular Resistance?

Obstructive

Which type of shock in Table 2 has increased CVP, decreased/increased PCWP, decreased Cardiac Output, and increased Systemic Vascular Resistance?

Hypovolemic

Which type of shock in Table 2 has decreased CVP, decreased PCWP, decreased Cardiac Output, and increased Systemic Vascular Resistance?

Systemic Vascular Resistance (SVR)

Which hemodynamic parameter is increased in Cardiogenic, Obstructive, and Hypovolemic shock, according to Table 2?

Cardiac Output (CO)

Which hemodynamic parameter is decreased in Cardiogenic, Obstructive, and Hypovolemic shock, according to Table 2?

Distributive

In which type of shock in Table 2 is Cardiac Output elevated while SVR is low?

CVP and PCWP

Which two hemodynamic parameters are consistently low in Hypovolemic shock, according to Table 2?

Chorionic villi

What specific structure, indicated by the arrow, signifies Ectopic Pregnancy in Figure 18?

Fallopian Tube

Where are the chorionic villi located in Figure 18?

Cytotrophoblast

What layer of the chorionic villi is indicated by the black arrow in Figure 19?

Syncytiotrophoblast

What layer of the chorionic villi is indicated by the yellow arrow in Figure 19?

Hematosalpinx (hemorrhage)

What material, indicated by the arrow and bracket, is filling the lumen of the fallopian tube in Figure 20?

Lines of Zahn

What are the apparent laminations, indicated by the bracket in Figure 21, found in thrombi formed in flowing blood?

Platelet and fibrin layers

What components form the apparent laminations known as Lines of Zahn (Figure 21)?

Hematoma

What type of hemorrhage pattern, accumulating within the uterus tissue, is shown in Figure 22?

Petechiae

What 1-2 mm diameter hemorrhage pattern is shown on the colon endothelium in Figure 23?

Skin, mucus membranes, aerosol surfaces

Where are petechiae typically found, according to the text describing Figure 23?

Purpura

What 3-5 mm diameter hemorrhage pattern is shown in Figure 24?

Ecchymoses (bruises)

What 1-2 cm subcutaneous hemorrhage pattern is shown in Figure 25?

Hemorrhagic infarction of the ovary

What pathology is shown in the top portion of Figure 26?

Dilated areas filled with blood

What histological finding characterizes the bottom portion of the ovary in Figure 26?

No cellular details, no morphology, replaced with blood and congested areas

What three characteristics are noted for the top portion of the ovary in Figure 26?

Hemorrhagic infarction secondary to torsion

What pathology is depicted in Figure 27?

Dilation of the vessels

What important feature is noted in Figure 27 regarding the vasculature?

Reddish color due to presence of red blood cells in the peripheries

What color feature is noted in Figure 27?

Formation of white fibrin meshwork due to scarring

What meshwork structure is noted forming in Figure 27?

Placental infarct

What pathology is shown in Figure 28?

Pale chorionic villi

What is a key feature of the villi in the Placental infarct (Figure 28)?

Loss of intervillous space

What specific space is lost in the Placental infarct (Figure 28)?

Hyaline collagen material (acellular eosinophilic material)

What replaces the stroma of the villi in a placental infarct (Figure 28)?

Visible space between chorionic villi

What feature distinguishes the Normal Placenta (Figure 29) from a placental infarct (Figure 28)?

White infarct

What type of infarction is shown in Figure 30?

Spleen

What organ is affected by the white infarct in Figure 30?

Wedge-shaped, Greyish-tan, Lighter in staining

What three gross or staining characteristics describe the infarct area in Figure 30?

Red infarct (hemorrhagic infarct)

What type of infarction is shown in Figure 31?

Intestines

What organ is affected by the red infarct in Figure 31?

Friable, blackish in color

What two gross features describe the red infarct area in Figure 31?

No architecture, no cellular details, replaced by red blood cells or necrotic material

What three microscopic features characterize the tissue in Figure 31?

Venous occlusions

Red infarcts (Figure 31) are typically associated with what type of vascular occlusion?

Arterial occlusions

White infarcts (Figure 30) are typically associated with what type of vascular occlusion?

Loose spongy tissues such as lungs or GI tract

Red infarcts (Figure 31) usually occur in what type of tissues?

Solid organs such as heart, kidney, and spleen

White infarcts (Figure 30) usually occur in what type of organs?

Pathological Calcification (Atherosclerosis)

What pathology is shown in Figure 32?

Tunica Intima and Tunica Media

What two layers of the arterial wall are labeled in Figure 32?

Foam Cells (FC) and lipids

What features are shown on the left side of Figure 33 (HPO)?

Fibrofatty plaque (P)

What feature is shown on the right side of Figure 33 (LPO)?

Fibrous cap (Cap)

What structure, composed of denser fibrous tissue, is labeled in Figure 33 (Right)?

Vacuolated cytoplasm

What cellular characteristic defines Foam Cells (FC) shown on the left of Figure 33?

Cholesterol-laden macrophages

What specific cells are a source of Foam Cells within an atheroma (related to Figure 33)?

Tunica Intima

What is the thickened layer shown in Figure 34 where the atheroma resides?

Elastic tissue and smooth muscle

What two components are lost, causing the Tunica Media to thin in developing atheroma (related to Figure 34)?

Thrombus formation on atheroma

What process is shown occurring in Figure 35?

Organized thrombus

What specific fate of a thrombus is shown filling the original lumen in Figure 36?

Internal elastic lamina (arrows)

What structure delineates the original lumen in Figure 36, which is completely filled with organized thrombus?

Tuberculosis (TB) in skin

What pathology is shown in Figure 37?

Epithelioid cells

What cell type is indicated by the yellow arrow in Figure 37?

Langhans-type Giant cell

What large cell, characteristic of TB, is visible in Figure 37?

Epithelioid Cells (E)

What cells surrounding the Langhans Cell are labeled 'E' in Figure 38?

Langhans-type Giant Cell (L)

What cell type, characterized by horseshoe arrangement of nuclei, is labeled 'L' in Figure 38?

Pink granular cytoplasm with indistinct boundaries

What two characteristics describe the cytoplasm and boundaries of Epithelioid Cells (E) in Figure 38?

Horseshoe formation

How are the multiple nuclei arranged in a Langhans-type Giant Cell (L) in Figure 38?

Thyroid follicle

What structure is indicated by the yellow brackets in Figure 39?

Simple cuboidal epithelium

What cell type, lining the follicle, is indicated by the white arrow in Figure 39?

Colloid material

What substance fills the thyroid follicle shown in Figure 39?

Germinal center of lymphoid follicle

What specific structure, indicated by the white arrow, is seen within a lymphoid aggregate in Figure 40?

Lymphoid aggregate

What collection of immune cells is shown in Figure 41, which is abnormal within the thyroid parenchyma?

Pathologic thyroid follicle

What structure is indicated by the white arrows in Figure 42, typically seen in Hashimoto's Thyroiditis?

Normal thyroid

What tissue is shown in Figure 43 for comparison?

Low cuboidal/flattened epithelium

What type of cells line the follicles in the Normal thyroid (Figure 43)?

Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis

What autoimmune disease is shown in Figure 44?