Chap 7

COMPONENT

MEANING

cali/o, calic/o

calyx (calix); cup-shaped

cyst/o

urinary bladder

glomerul/o

glomerulus

meat/o

meatus

nephr/o

kidney

pyel/o

renal pelvis

ren/o

kidney

trigon/o

trigone (region of the bladder)

ureter/o

ureter

urethr/o

urethra

vesic/o

urinary bladder

albumin/o

albumin (a protein in the blood)

azot/o

nitrogen

bacteri/o

bacteria

dips/o

thirst

kal/i

potassium

ket/o, keton/o

ketone bodies (ketoacids and acetone)

lith/o

stone

natr/o

sodium

noct/o

night

olig/o

scanty

-poietin

substance that forms

py/o

pus

-tripsy

crushing

ur/o

urine (urea)

urin/o

urine

-uria

urination; urine condition

B. Key Terms

DEFINITION

TERM (VIETNAMESE)

Small artery

arteriole (tiểu động mạch)

Active form of vitamin D secreted by the kidney

calciferol

Cup-like collecting region of the renal pelvis

calyx / calix (đài thận)

Tube used for injecting or removing fluids

catheter (ống thông)

Outer region of an organ; the outer region of the kidney

cortex (vỏ / vùng vỏ)

Nitrogenous waste produced by muscle metabolism and excreted in urine

creatinine

Substance that carries an electrical charge when dissolved in water

electrolyte (chất điện giải)

Hormone secreted by the kidney that stimulates red blood cell production

erythropoietin

Process by which some substances pass through a filter

filtration (sự lọc)

Structure surrounding each glomerulus that collects filtered material

glomerular capsule/Bowman capsule (bao cầu thận / bao Bowman)

Tiny ball or network of capillaries in the kidney

glomerulus (cầu thận)

Depression in the kidney where blood vessels and nerves enter and leave

hilum (rốn thận)

Bean-shaped organ that filters nitrogenous wastes from the blood to form urine

kidney (thận)

Opening or canal

meatus (lỗ / ống)

Inner region of an organ; the inner region of the kidney

medulla (tủy / vùng tủy)

Functional unit of the kidney consisting of a glomerulus and renal tubule

nephron (đơn vị chức năng của thận / nephron)

Substance containing nitrogen that is excreted in urine

nitrogenous waste (chất thải chứa nitơ)

Electrolyte regulated by the kidneys and essential for muscle contraction and nerve impulses

potassium/K⁺

Process by which renal tubules return necessary substances to the bloodstream

reabsorption (sự tái hấp thu)

Blood vessel that carries blood to the kidney

renal artery (động mạch thận)

Central collecting region of the kidney

renal pelvis (bể thận)

Microscopic tube in the kidney where urine is formed after filtration

renal tubule (ống thận)

Blood vessel that carries blood away from the kidney toward the heart

renal vein (tĩnh mạch thận)

Enzyme secreted by the kidney that helps regulate and raise blood pressure

renin

Electrolyte regulated by the kidneys and important for nerve impulses and heart activity

sodium/Na⁺

Triangular area in the urinary bladder

trigone (tam giác bàng quang)

Major nitrogenous waste excreted in urine

urea

One of two tubes carrying urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder

ureter (niệu quản)

Tube carrying urine from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body

urethra (niệu đạo)

Nitrogenous waste excreted in urine

uric acid

Hollow muscular sac that stores urine

urinary bladder (bàng quang)

Process of expelling urine; also called micturition

urination/voiding (sự tiểu tiện / đi tiểu)

Inflammation of the glomeruli within the kidney

glomerulonephritis (viêm cầu thận)

Inflammation of the connective tissue between the renal tubules

interstitial nephritis (viêm thận kẽ)

Kidney stones (renal calculi)

nephrolithiasis (sỏi thận)

Group of clinical signs and symptoms caused by excessive protein loss in urine

nephrotic syndrome / nephrosis (hội chứng thận hư)

Inherited disorder characterized by multiple fluid-filled cysts within and on the kidneys

polycystic kidney disease – PKD (bệnh thận đa nang)

Inflammation of the renal pelvis and renal parenchyma

pyelonephritis (viêm bể thận – thận)

Cancerous tumor of the kidney occurring mainly in adults

renal cell carcinoma (ung thư biểu mô tế bào thận)

Decreased excretion of wastes due to impaired kidney filtration

renal failure (suy thận)

High blood pressure resulting from kidney disease

renal hypertension (tăng huyết áp do thận)

Malignant tumor of the kidney occurring mainly in childhood

Wilms tumor (u Wilms / u nguyên bào thận)

Malignant tumor of the urinary bladder

bladder cancer (ung thư bàng quang)

Condition in which ADH is not adequately secreted or the kidneys are resistant to ADH, resulting in large amounts of dilute urine

diabetes insipidus – DI (đái tháo nhạt)

Condition in which insulin is not adequately secreted or body tissues are resistant to its effects, resulting in elevated blood glucose

diabetes mellitus – DM (đái tháo đường)