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A set of vocabulary flashcards based on the Earth Science investigations transcript.
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Axis
The imaginary line passing through Earth's poles that it rotates around.
Compass
A tool used to determine geographic direction using Earth's magnetic field.
Rotation
The spinning of Earth on its axis, which causes day and night.
Shadow
The dark area created when an opaque object blocks light.
Gravity
The force of attraction that pulls objects toward each other.
Lunar Cycle
The 4-week sequential change in the appearance of the Moon as seen from Earth.
Orbit
The path a planet or moon takes as it travels around another body in space.
Revolution
One complete trip of a planet or moon around a central star.
Solar System
A star and all of the planets, moons, and other bodies orbiting it.
new moon
The phase of the moon when it is positioned between the Earth and the sun, making it invisible from Earth.

waxing crescent
The phase of the moon when it is less than half illuminated and increasing in size, occurring after the new moon and before the first quarter moon.

first quarter moon
The phase of the moon when half of its face is illuminated and visible from Earth, occurring after the new moon and before the waxing gibbous.

waxing gibbous
the phase when the Moon looks bigger than a half-circle and is still growing larger each night on its way to becoming a full moon

full moon
The phase of the moon when it is completely illuminated, occurring when the earth is between the sun and the moon.

waning gibbous
The phase of the moon when it is more than half illuminated but decreasing in size, occurring after a full moon and before the last quarter moon.

last quarter (third quarter) moon
The phase of the moon when half of its face is illuminated and visible from Earth, occurring after the waning gibbous and before the new moon.

waning crescent
The phase of the moon when it is less than half illuminated and decreasing in size, occurring after the last quarter moon and before the new moon.
