Making Ancient Mediterranean ID terms

Palette of King Narmer

3150-3125; Carving of King Narmer that depicts his political power over Upper and Lower Egypt as well as the Religious belief of him being the God-king and incarnation of Horus

Ka

Egyptian spirit

Ma’at

Cosmic and mundane order

Pyramid of King Djoser

2630-2611; 1st pyramid, began as a mastaba

Khufu’s Pyramid

2580-2520; Great Pyramid of Giza

Mortuary temple

Location of preparation of king’s body for burial

King’s chamber

Burial chamber of king, constructed in Aswan granite

Ben-Ben

Sacred stone on which first rays of the sun had purportedly fallen

Tura Limstone

Limestone from the Tura quarry on the Nile

Statue of Khafra

2500; One of 23, found in the Valley Temple

Valley Temple

The temple associated with one of the Pyramids of Giza where posthumous religious ceremonies took place celebrating the ka of the deceased king

Diorite

An extremely hard stone quarried in the upper Nile valley

Papyrus

A fabric similar to thick paper made from the inner fibrous parts of the papyrus plant. Plant is cut into strips and placed in two layers of horizontal and vertical strips before being hammered together

Hieratic Script

A cursive script used in the Papyrus

Wadi el-Jarf

port site on Gulf of Suez active under the reign of Khufu

Akhet Khufu: Horizon of Khufu

Site mentioned in the papyri from Wadi el-Jarf, understood to be the Pyramid and mortuary complex at Giza

Sinai Peninsula

Geographically connective peninsula between Gulf of Suez and Gulf of Aqaba

Serabit el-Khadim

Site of earliest rock-cut engravings, dating to ca. 3100 BCE during the 0 and First dynasties

Wadj-wer

“great green”, the mining area in Sinai identified by its green color

Merer

Administrative official. Alive at the end of Khufu’s reign (2525-2520 BCE), leader of weret za

Weret

“The Great”

Za

A phyle, or group of 40 men, part of the larger aper, a group of 160 men, led by a Dedi, a scribe

Papyrus B from Wadi el-Jarf

A section of papyrus which includes the day-to-day log of Merer and his men working across the 26th and 27th year of Khufu’s reign

Djadja

Building at the mouth of the Nile, probably port infrastructure, built by Merer and his men

Pyramid of Khafra

2520-2494; One of the Great Pyramids

Pyramid of Menkaure

2490-2472; One of the Great Pyramids

Statue for Khafra

Pyramids of Khufu, Khafra, and Menkaure at Giza

Pyramid of Khufu/Great Pyramid of Giza

Pyramid of King Djoser

Papyrus B from Wadi el-Jarf

She Akhet Khufu

Marina at the Horizon of Khufu

Ro-She Khufu

Gate to the Marina of Khufu

Central Canal Basin

Primary shipping and docking canal for offloading of materials to Giza

Gypsum

Soft sulfate mineral used often in plaster

Taflia

A clay substance from the Giza plateau that serves as a king of mortar

Sealing

a clay, wax or other hardened substance with an impression made by a stamp or a seal. Often carrying ientifying information about the owner or proprietary.

Heit el-Ghurab

“Wall of the Crow” In Arabic. A wall 10m high with a gate 7m high. Associated also with the village, south of the wall, perhaps an extension of palace court buildings and town.