BU3: INTRODUCTION TO LIGHTING AND ILLUMINATION LIGHTING FUNDAMENTALS

Illumination

the act of illuminating or supplying with light. It can also be the state of being illuminated.

Lighting

is the equipment or fixture used to provide illumination. It can also be the act of activating such equipment, or lighting a flame.

True

(True/False) Lighting stimulates emotion

room to room

Good lighting should provide enough illumination for the task at hand, while creating the ambiance and comfort required at a given space. This will vary from _________, but in general, using as much as needed in an area is a good rule of thumb.

Insufficient light

not enough light for the entire room

Glare

too much light provided within the room

Light

The part of the electromagnetic spectrum that is perceived by human eye

Light

The natural agent that stimulates sight and make things visible

Light

An artificial source of illumination

Red light

700 nanometers

Violet light

400 nanometers

Violet

has the highest frequencies and shortest wavelengths

Red

has the lowest frequencies and the longest wavelengths

True

(True/False) The human eye adapts to ambient light levels. We perceive light relative to our surroundings.

High contrast light

____________________ is glare, which occurs when light

enter the eye and obstruct vision. It can cause loss of

visual performance or discomfort when the level of

light in the visual field is greater than the amount of

light the eyes are adapted to.

electromagnetic (EM) spectrum

The ________________ is the range of all types of EM radiation.

Radiation

is energy that travels and spreads out as it goes – the visible light that comes from a lighting fixture and the radio waves that come from a radio station are two types of electromagnetic radiation

Intensity

is a measure of the wavelength-weighted power emitted by a light source in particular direction per unit solid angle, based on the luminosity function, a standardized model of the sensitivity of the human eye.

Intensity

Also referred to as luminous intensity that is described as quantity of visible light that is emitted in unit time per solid angle.

Intensity

is a measure of the perceived power emitted by a light source in a specific direction from a point source of light.

Luminous Flux

is the total emitted visible light from a bulb. Also described as the rate-of-flow of radiant energy emitted by a lamp.

lumens

Lumionous flux is measured in ______.

Luminous Intensity

quantifies the luminous flux emitted by a light source in a

certain direction.

Luminous Flux

measure of the total perceived power of light

Luminous Intensity

a measure of the perceived power emitted by a light source in a particular direction per unit solid angle.

Color

a more technical definition; assigns a numerical value to the color emitted by a light source

Kelvin Color Temperature scale

imagines a black body object – (such as a lamp filament) being heated

candelas or candles

Luminous Intensity measured in _________.

degrees of Kelvin

Color measured in _______

Lower °K (2600°K)

degrees Kelvin of “warmer” yellow/red light

Higher °K (5000°K)

degrees Kelvin of “cooler” white/blue light

Color Rendering Index (CRI)

is a quantitative measure of the ability of a light source to reveal the colors of various objects faithfully in comparison with an ideal or natural light source.

high CRI

Light sources with a _______ are desirable in color-critical applications such as neonatal care and art restoration.

50-60 CRI

Fair; Standard Warm White Fluorescent and Standard Cool White Fluorescent

60-70 CRI

Fair; Premium High Pressure Conventional Metal Halide

70-80 CRI

Better; Thin Coat Tri-Phosphor Fluorescent

80-90 CRI

Best; White High Pressure Sodium Warm Metal Halide, Thick Coat Tri-Phosphor Fluorescent

90-100

Best; High CRI Fluorescents Incandescent and Tungsten-Halogen

100

A CRI of ______, or perfect color rendering, means the

light source renders the eight colors exactly how the

reference light source renders them.

80

A light source with a CRI of ____ or higher is considered by the lighting industry to provide excellent color rendering for most

indoor application.

Incandescent

[CRI Range]
100

Ceramic metal halide

[CRI Range]
85-94

T5 Fluorescent

[CRI Range]
80s

T8 Fluorescent

[CRI Range]
75-98

Quarts metal halide

[CRI Range]
65-70

T12 Fluorescent

[CRI Range]
58-62

High Pressure Sodium

[CRI Range]
22

True

(True/False) If a color is not present from a light source, an object cannot reflect it.

True

(True/False) A green car will appear black or gray in warm
light

Correlated Color Temperature (CCT)

is a specification of the color appearance of the light

emitted by a lamp, relating its color to the color of

light from a reference source when heated to a

particular temperature.

Kelvin (K)

CCT measures the color of a light source using _______ temperature, which indicates the warmth or coolness of a lamp's color appearance.

yellow or blue

Correlated Color Temperature (CCT) is essentially a
gauge of how ________ the color of light emitted
from a light bulb appears.

Uniformity

This affects our perception of environment and our ability to navigate it. It allows us to perceive the environment continuously and without sudden breaks caused by lighting level drops.

office

experience. In an environment such as an _____, uniform lighting without any gaps and shadows helps to promote eye

comfort and reduce fatigue.

Uniformity

For indoor applications, _______ helps to boost the

end-user’s productivity and overall experience.

uniformity

Retail spaces also call for lighting designs that focus on ________ because it allows costumers to experience a store's full product offering while promoting a high level of
energy that encourages more sales.

uniformity

Light ________ in outdoor applications is also an

important factor, especially for increasing safety and

deterring crime.

Illuminance

is the total amount of luminous flux on a surface, per unit area. It is a measure of how much the incident of light illuminates the surface.

Lux

SI Unit of illuminance

footcandle

US customary unit of illuminance

Contrast

The difference in luminance or color that

makes an object (or its representation in an image or

display) distinguishable. It is the description of the distinct difference between two levels of light on the same surface or within the same surface.

color and brightness

In visual perception of the real world, contrast is

determined by the difference in the __________ of the object and other object within the same field of view.

white and the black

Contrast is the ratio between the _______________ , or in other words, the light and the dark parts of a scene. High-contrast images display a full range of tones, from bright highlights to dark shadows.

Contrast

is a fundamental element of interior design because it adds visual interest to a space that makes it striking and dynamic.

Create shadows

[How to Create Strong Contrasts in Interiors]

- Crisp shadows need clear direction of light

- Use undiffused light that accentuates the strength of the beam and the sharpness between light and dark.

Consider the Angles of Light

[How to Create Strong Contrasts in Interiors]

- consider that the angle of delivery and color temperature of sunlight shifts.

- Manufacturers can simulate all qualities of artificial skylights

3000K or 3500K

For daytime use, _______________ it’s still warm white but a step away from the 2700K extra warm white.

Glare

The sensation of annoyance or even pain induced by overly bright sources. It is a phenomenon caused by extremely bright light sources or by strong brightness contrasts in the visual field.

luminance

The impact of glare is linked to _______ of a source or surface. lighting. But it also depends on other parameters, like luminance contrast in the visual field; and on the viewer’s age,

iris color, and individual sensitivity to light.

Visual Discomfort

is associated with both psychological and physiological effects. It involves eye fatigue (which can manifest itself in

sore, red, and itchy eyes) and can lead to headaches and to neck and shoulder pain. It can also have a negative impact on performance, mood and motivation.

Disability Glare

is when excessive brightness can have a serious direct impact on visibility and ability to perceive object.

Discomfort Glare

occurs when people don’t feel comfortable with their given lighting conditions.

Discomfort Glare

is also referred to as “psychological glare,” as psychological tests cannot measure it and physiological values cannot account for it. It is measured and evaluated exclusively on the individual level.

Glare

a complex phenomenon that comes in both direct and indirect

forms, is a chief cause of visual discomfort – and even visual disability.

Light for visual functions

providing visual comfort using natural lighting

➢ Illumination of task area in conformity with

relevant standards.

➢ Glare-free and convenient

Light for emotional perception

light to convey different emotions.

➢ Lighting incorporated to designs to enhance

architecture

➢ Creating scenes and effects

True

(True/False) Multiple studies have shown that brighter light can intensify emotions, while low light doesn’t remove emotions, but keeps them steady.

Light creating biological effects

light means quality of life.

➢ Stimulating, invigorating, motivating, relaxing or

calming.

➢ Provide support for medical treatment

➢ Promote levels of concentration at work or in

schools.

➢ Enable passengers on long-distance flights to

relax.

Tensed

Lighting effect:

Intense direct light from above

Light Distribution:

Non-uniform

Relaxed

Lighting effect:

Lower overhead lighting with some lighting at room perimeter, warm color tones

Light Distribution:

Non-uniform

Work/Visual clarity

Lighting effect:

Bright light on workplace with less light at the perimeter, wall lighting, cooler color tones

Light Distribution:

Uniform

Spaciousness

Lighting effect:

Bright light with lighting on walls and possible ceiling

Light Distribution:

Uniform

Privacy / Intimacy

Lighting effect:

Low light level at activity space with a little perimeter lighting and dark areas in rest of spaces

Light Distribution:

Non-uniform