Transfusion Therapy Chapter 34 Practice Flashcards

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering the objectives, administration procedures, blood types, and transfusion reactions based on the Chapter 34 lecture by Seth Allgood.

Type and Screen

A procedure that determines ABO blood group and Rh type and screens for clinically significant alloantibodies in case a patient needs blood.

Type and Crossmatch

A procedure that determines ABO and Rh type and performs a crossmatch between the patient’s sample and a unit of donor blood; it is ordered when there is a high likelihood of immediate transfusion.

Hyperkalemia

A potential electrolyte imbalance during transfusion where damaged cells release potassium, raising the patient’s serum potassium level above normal.

$0.9\%$ Normal Saline

The only solution used to infuse with blood products.

$20$-gauge needle

The standard size venous access needle established before a blood infusion.

Human error

The most common cause of incompatibility reactions during blood transfusion.

Antigens

Found on the surface of red blood cells, identified as A or B in the ABO system.

Antibodies

Found in the plasma; for example, Type A blood contains anti-B antibodies.

Universal Donor

A person with Type $O-$ blood.

Universal Recipient

A person with Type $AB+$ blood.

Rh Compatibility Rule

An Rh- person must only be transfused with Rh- blood, while an Rh+ person can be transfused with both Rh- and Rh+ blood.

Packed RBCs (PRBC)

A blood component used to restore blood volume and maintain Hgb levels.

Platelets

Fragile components that must be infused immediately using a special transfusion set with a smaller filter and shorter tubing.

Fresh Frozen Plasma (FFP)

A component containing coagulation factors that is frozen immediately after donation and must be infused immediately after thawing while factors are active.

Albumin

A blood component that can be used to increase blood volume after surgery, trauma, or hemorrhage.

Plasma

The liquid part of blood making up $55\%$ of whole blood, containing proteins, electrolytes, water, and dissolved gases.

Circulatory Overload

A transfusion reaction characterized by shortness of breath (SOB), increased heart rate, and crackles in the lungs.

Hemolytic Reaction

A transfusion reaction where the body destroys the donor red blood cells, potentially causing hematuria and chest pain.

Febrile Reaction

A transfusion reaction characterized by a rise in temperature and chills.

$15$ to $30$ minutes

The duration a nurse must remain with the patient at the start of a blood infusion to assess for indications of a reaction.

Transfusion Reaction Protocol

Steps to take if a reaction occurs: stop blood immediately, obtain vital signs, maintain IV access, notify provider, and return blood bag and tubing to the blood bank.