Chapter 5- The Skeletal System Midterm

Functions of Bone

1. Support/ framework of the body

2. protection of soft tissue

3. levers for movement (with muscles)

4. storage of minerals & fats

5. blood cell formation

Components of the Skeletal System

bones, joints, cartilages, tendons, ligaments

Bone to bone

ligament

Bone to muscle

tendon

What is the skeleton greek for?

dried- up body

True or False: Bone is a living tissue

True

How many bones are in the adult human body?

206 bones

What type of bones make red blood cells?

Flat bones

What are the two basic types of bone tissues?

compact bone and spongy bone

Dense, hard outer layer

compact bone

Many open spaces

spongy bone

What does spongy bones contain?

red bone marrow

What does spongy bones reduce?

bone weight

Longer than wide; mostly compact bone

Long Bones

examples of long bones

femur, humerus

Cube-shaped; mostly spongy bone

short bones

examples of short bones

carpals, tarsals

Thin, flattened, curved

flat bones

examples of flat bones

skull, ribs, sternum

Do not fit other categories

Irregular bones

examples of irregular bones

vertebrae, hip bones

shaft; compact bone

diaphysis

ends; spongy bone

epiphysis

outer covering; muscle attachment

periosteum

nourish bone cells

arteries

Embryo skeleton=

hyaline cartilage

What happened with the growth at epiphyseal plates?

New cartilage forms and old cartilage ossifies

What causes height increse?

the growth plate closure ends

What are the 3 types of bone cells?

osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteoclasts

mature cells

osteocytes

build bone

osteoblasts

break down bone; release calcium

osteoclasts

What are the two bone cells that help bone remodeling?

Osteoblasts and osteoclasts

break that does not penetrate the skin

closed (simple) fracture

broken bone penetrates through the skin

open (compound) fracture

What are the healing stages?

1. Hematoma

2. Fibrocartilage callus

3. Bony callus

4. Remodeling

bruise

Hematoma

connective tissue form mass of repair

Fibrocartilage callus

spongy bone

Bony callus

Bone is remodeled

Remodeling

Where is the bone dislocated at?

the joint

Is a dislocation more damaging than a fracture?

yes

Skull, vertebral column, bony thorax

axial skeleton

limbs, pectoral girdle, pelvic girdle

appendicular skeleton

What is apart of the skull?

1. Cranial bones (8)

2. Facial bones (14)

3. Sinuses

4. Fontanelles (infants)

5. Hyoid bone

6. Middle ear bones (3)

What is apart of the vertebral column?

Cervical (7), thoracic (12), lumbar (5), sacrum, coccyx

What is apart of the thoracic cage?

Sternum, ribs, thoracic vertebrae

clavicle, scapula

pectoral girdle

humorous, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges

Upper Limb

ilium, ischium, pubis

pelvic bones

femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges

lower limb

What are the 3 different types of arthritis?

osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and gouty arthritis

Most common, related to normal aging process

osteoarthritis

an autoimmune disease- the immune system attacks the joint, begin with bilateral inflammation of certain joins, leads to deformities

rheumatoid arthritis

Inflammation of joints caused by a deposition of urate crystals from the blood, controlled with diet

gouty arthritis

Bone breaks into many fragments

comminuted fracture

bone is crushed

compression fracture

Broken bone portion is pressed inward

depressed fracture

broken bone ends are forced into each other

impacted fracture

ragged break occurs when excessive twisting forces are applied to a bone

spiral fracture

Bone breaks incompletely, much in the way a green twing breaks

greenstick fracture