Bio Lab 3

Prokaryotes

• unicellular

• Very small

• Single circular chromosome

• No organelles

Prokaryotes includes

Bacteria & Archaea

Bacteria

• have a cell walls made from peptidoglycan

• have cell membranes with ester linkages

• are prokaryotes

• can be heterotrophic or autotrophic

Archaea

• are prokaryotes

• Most defining traits is that their cell walls lack peptidoglycan

Heterotrophic

They feed on something else to gain energy. There are two types:

1. Saprobes

2. Pathogens

Saprobes

Decomposed; feeds on dead stuff

Pathogens

Organisms that invade the body, multiply, and release harmful toxins that cause sickness. (Germs)

Autotrophic

Organisms that make their own food. There are two types:

1. Photo autotrophic

2. Chemoautotrophic

Autotrophic

Organisms that make their own food. There are two types:

1. Photo autotrophic

2. Chemoautotrophic

Chemautotrophic

Uses chemical energy from inorganic compounds to make their food

Shape of bacteria

They come in three shapes:

1. Bacillus

2. Coccus

3. Spirillum

Bacillus

Look like long ovals

Coccus

Look like bunched up circles

Spirillum

Long and string-like

Eukaryotes

• unicellular or multicellular

• Larger in size compared to Prokaryotes

• Paired linear chromosome

• Have organelles

Protists

Are eukaryotes that are not plants, animals, or fungi.

It is not a true taxonomic group but an assortment of organisms we don’t know enough about to properly label

Algae: photosynthetic protists

• no multicellular sex organs

• Mostly aquatic

• Not a true taxonomic group

Protozoa: heterotrophic protists

• Unicellular

• No nerves, muscle

• Not a true taxonomic group

Supergroup: Excavata

Phylum: Euglenozoa (euglenoids)

• photosynthesis with chlorophyll (Green)

• Pellicle (no cell wall)

• Unicellular

Super group: Excavata

Phylum: Euglenozoa (kinetoplastids)

• 1+ flagella

• Unicellular

• Parasitic or heterotrophic

Supergroup: Excavata

Phylum: Parabasalid

• 1+ flagella

• Unicellular

• Termite endosymbionts, some parasitic

Supergroup: SAR

Phylum: Stramenopila (all brown algae)

• Photosynthesize with fucoxanthin (brown)

• Multicellular

Supergroup: SAR

Phylum: Stramenopila (Diatoms)

• photosynthesize with xanthophylls

• Silica “shell”

• Unicellular

Supergroup: SAR

Phylum: Alveolata (dinoflagellates)

• photosynthesize with carotenoids

• 2 flagella

• Unicellular

Supergroup: SAR

Phylum: Alveolata (ciliates)

• many cilia (little hairs)

• Unicellular

• Heterotrophic

Supergroup: SAR

Phylum: Rhizaria

• heterotrophic

• Calcareous (CaCO3) or silica test

• Pseudopods

Amoebozoa

• heterotrophic

• Unicellular

• Phagocytosis

• Pseudopods (false foot)