meteorology ( chapter 1 > required knowledge and skills )

The composition of the earths atmosphere

Nitrogen ~ 78%

Oxygen ~ 21%

Other gases ~ argon

Temperature lapse rate

2 degrees c per 1000ft

Over the poles the tropopause…

1. Lower

2. FL 250 - FL320

3. 8-10 KM

Over the equator the tropopause…

1. Higher

2. FL500-FL600

3. 16-18KM

ISA Conditions

Means sea level pressure ( MSL ) ~ 1013.25

Means sea level temperature ( MSL ) ~ 15 degrees c

Means sea level temperature lapse rate ( MSL ) ~ 2 degrees c per 1000ft and 0.65 degrees c per 100m

Means sea level density ( MSL ) ~ 1.225

What physical properties does the stratosphere have

Cold and dry conditions therefore avoids meteorological hazards

What temperature lapse rate is at 11km - 20 km

Lapse rate is zero ~ therefore isothermal and stays at -56.5

ICAO ( international standard atmosphere ) provides a …

1. Mean reference of temperature

2. Mean reference of pressure

3. Mean reference of density

Ozone is …

A powerfully oxidant than can damage the respiratory system so it must be removed from the cabin air at the high attitudes.

Styli am at cruising altitudes of commercial and private jet aircraft