glaciation

how do glaciers move

in summer meltwater lubricates the glacier enabling it to move down hill. the process is called basal slip

what causes deposition

deposition occurs when ice melts

how are corries formed

1. snow gathers in hollow and into compressed ice

2. freeze thaw occurs at back of corrie,-abrasion and rotational slip gouge into deep hollow -plucking steepens wall.

3. jagged summit and deep rock basin are left. a step back wall is also there which still freeze thaws in winter. snow melts and forms a corrie lake

how are aretes formed

when erosion in two back to back corries causes the land to become narrower

how are pyramidal peaks formed

when three or more corries erode back to back

where do most glaciers flow thorugh

pre-existing river valleys

what are the four types of moriane

ground moraine, lateral moraine, medial moraine and terminal moraine

what is ground moraine

left behind when ice melts

what is lateral moraine

forms at edge of glacier. mostly scree material which has fallen off valley sides due to freeze thaw weathering

what is medial moraine

when two galciers lateral moraines join as a single line of sediment down the middle of the glacier

what is terminal moraine

huge amounts of moraine that pile up at the snout of the glacier

what is a glacial environment

a geographical area where the landscape is significantly influenced by the presence and movement of glacial ice

what are the economic opportunies in glaciated areas

-farming (large areas for sheep which can tolerate conditions )

-forestry (coniferous trees are adapted to cope +cut down to produce soft wood)

-quarrying (hard resistant rock is found which can be used in construction industry and road building)

-tourism (attracts hikers and tourism provides jobs and income)

what are the benefits of farming in glaciated areas

-provides food -provides income -preserves habitats

what are the limitations of farming in glaciated areas

-pesticides fertilisers can poison water sources -lack of vegetation

what are the benefits of forestry in glaciated areas

-can provide soft wood for timber -help prevent flooding

what are the limitations of forestry in glaciated areas

-affects water cycle

what are the benefits of quarrying in glaciated areas

-provides materials such as stone for building roads

what are the limitations of quarrying in glaciated areas

-takes up space -will leave behind big pits when abandoned -noise and dust pollution

what are the benefits of tourism in glaciated areas

-provides income -job opportunities -can educate people

what are the limitations of tourism in glaciated areas

-disrupts wildlife -more litter -some pollution

why do people visit lake district

-physical attractions: lakes, mountains, activities eg rock climbing

-cultural attractions:- scenic towns, monuments eg muncaster castle

impacts of tourism on lake district

-20 million visitors in 2018, 83 % arrive by car which causes congestion

- provides 65,000 jobs

-honeypot sites are overcrowded, pollution and walkers damage farmland

how is tourism manages in lake district

spent 6.9 million on:

-building dual carriageways reduces congestion

-expanding park and ride scheme connecting car parks with popular villages and footpaths

-others

what is a drumlin

-hills found on glacial floor

-consist of moraine that has been shaped by moving ice

what is an erratic

-large boulder resting on different type of rock that is not the same type

what is freeze thaw

-water collects in crack of rock

-water freezes making crack larger

-temp rises and water seeps deeper into rock

-repeated freezing makes rock fragment break off