AP Euro Unit 1 People

Petrarch

Father of Humanism, humanist studies in class literature

Leonardo Da Vinci

Scientist, artists, mathematician

Erasmus

Father of Christian Humanism

Machiavelli

"The Princes" - Want Italian unification, pessimistic view of people, Ruler has to disobey moral law to rule

Castiglione

creates the "Renaissance Man"

Kelly Gadol

Women didn't have a Renaissance as men did

Burckardt

Renaissance was a watershed, inevitably was going to happen with or without antiquity, which as a result

Wallace K Ferguson

criticized Burckhardt, true to some extent, but not as much of a Watershed

Wat Tyler

Led the peasant rebellion in England, also known as the Wat Tyler's rebellion - marked the beginning to the end of serfdom in medieval england although the revolt itself was a failure

Mehmed II

Sultan of the Ottoman empire that captured Constantinople, ending the Byzantine Empire. The ottomans can now expand into Europe, blow to Christendom, made Constantinople the capital of the Ottoman empire, cut of European trade routes

Marsilius of Padua

Wrote Defender of Peace that said that the unity of the state must be presented by limiting the power of church hierarchy. The state's principle responsibility is the maintenance of law, order and peace. The source of all political power and law is the people who have the right to choose their leader, should be a general council of representatives of all believers (people and the clergy)

William of Ockam

Created Ockham's razor, simplest answer is the best answer

Wycliffe

Leader of the Lollards, who condemned church corruptions

Jan Hus

Czech Reformer, Lead the hussites, similar to the Lollards, pioneered dissenting views of the Catholic Church seeming heretical but would be important to the Reformation, prompted the reading of the Bible in the vernacular because he believed lay people had the ability to interpret scriptures for themselves. Scripture has precedence over Church leaders and council

Charles the Bold

Last Valois Duke of Burgundy, wanted to make Burgundy independent of France and try to raise it as a kingdom, bent all efforts in developed building military and political power

Mirandola

"Oration on the Dignity of Men," Italian renaissance philosopher who wrote a text on Renaissance humanism on the vast potential of man. Man is bestowed with all possibilities and can choose their own path which makes man different from anyone else

Duprez

French tenor, singing teacher and minor composer

Christine de Pizan

first feminist who challenged misogyny in the late medieval times

More

"Utopia," leading humanist scholar in England. He wrote describing an imaginary society with religious toleration, a humanist education for men and women, and communal land ownership of property

Medici

Leading aristocratic family in Florence who invested money in Kings and made emperors, controlled economy. Earned their money as bankers who financed libaries, build churches, comissioned works. Florence renaissance reached peak during Medici

Gutenberg

German blacksmith who created the first movable printing type

Bruni

Love of learning Greek literature, learning antiquity, learning latin