Medical Interventions: 3.1

what is the second leading cause of death in the US second to heart diseasee and why nuebr of men and women get it ?

• cancer

• Half of all men and one- third of all women in the US develop cancer

• cancer cells are abonoals cells in which the processes that regulate normal cell division are damaged.

who is the person we are studying this unit ?

• Mike smith

• 16 years old

• pain in upper arm

what do DNA microarrays measure ?

amount of mRNA for genes that is presented in a cell sample.

• scientists use DNA microarray tech to determine the differences in gnee expression between tissue samples.

• scientists calculate similarities of gnee expression patterns between different individuals using statistical analysis.

What fundamental characteristic do all cancers have in common?

• uncontrolled growth and ability to invade neighboring tissues and spread to distant sites

In what ways are diagnostic imaging technologies used to diagnose and treat disorders?

X-rays, CT scans, and MRI scans are used to create pictures of the inside of the body to diagnose and treat many disorders.

What do DNA microarrays measure ?

Scientists use DNA microarray tech to determine the differences in gene expression between different tisssue samples.

How is DNA microarray technology used to determine the differences in gene expression between different tissue samples?

Colors: red-highly expressed in cancerous cells

green- highly expressed in normal cells

yellow- expressed in both

black- neither

How are the similarities of gene expression patterns between different individuals calculated?

• less than 1 induced by tumor formation

• more than 1 suppressed by tumor formation

• =1 not affected by tumor formation

• =0 gene not expressed in either

Differences in the appearance of normal cells and cancer cells

Cancer cells

• abnormal cell size and shape

• abnormla nucleus

• nucleus is both larger and darker than normal cells

• abnormal # of chromosomes that are arranged is a a disorganized fashion.

How is DNA microarray made ?

1) single stranded DNA fragment cut teeny pieces and fixed to wells

2) make cDNA from mRNA source cell DNA and make colored nucleotides

3) take cDNA and put in every well if complementary they will stick

4) wash to see color.

 Noninvasive technique that examines skeletal abnormalities through the use of radiotracers

Bone Scan

Noninvasive technique that produces images of internal soft tissues through the use of magnets and radio waves

MRI

 Noninvasive technique that produces cross-sectional images of dense tissue and soft tissues

CT scan

Noninvasive technique that uses ionizing radiation to produce two-dimensional images of dense tissues

X-ray

Cancerous cells have the ability to induce ___________ to help ensure their survival. It is defined as _______________

• a. angiogenesis; the creation of new vascular tissue

In microarray the patients mRNA is not used rather reverse transcribed into(———)

CDNA cDNA or complimentary DNA because its more stable.

Green- meaning

Red- meaning

yellow meaning

induced , suppressed or not affected ?

Green is supressed in cancerous cells

red is induced in cancerous cells

yellow is not affected,equally expressed in cells

how does a mutated tumor suppressor gene lead to cancer

by not inhibiting the rate of the cell cycle.