Geography - CASE STUDY, distinctive landscapes (Holderness coastline)

What river landform is located in the River Tees?

High Force Waterfall

what 2 rocks are the High Force Waterfall made out of

• an igneous rock called whinstone

• a soft rock called limestone

how is the high force waterfall influenced by geology

• it is made up of a hard rock called whinstone and soft rock called limestone

• the soft rock is eroded faster than the hard stone, creating a gap

• over time this creates a plunge pool

• as this gets bigger the hard hard collapses and repeats over time causing it to retreat upstream

how else is the river basin influenced by geological processes?

rock type affects valley shape in the upper course with harder rocks creating deeper v shaped valleys due to vertical erosion

how is the Spurn Point spit influenced by geology

• during longshore drift, strong prevailing winds cause waves to hit the coast at and angle

• swash carries the sediment up the coast at an angle and the backwash carries the sediment at right angles

• this creates a zig-zag movement of the sediment north to south

• once the sediment reaches Humber estuary, the waves lose energy and drop the sediment

• a change in direction of wind causes the hooked end

Explain how management has impacted the coastal landscape

• the Holderness coast is the most fastest eroding coastal landscape and is being managed using hard engineering

• In Mappleton, gyrones are used to protect beaches and buildings from erosion by stopping longshore drift

• However this causes areas down south to erode faster as they get less sand and sediment

• hard engineering also have made the landscape look more unnatural and unappealing to locals

Explain how management has impacted the River basin

• The river tees has been managed for a century to help reduce flooding

• management schemes have build artificial levees and improved flood system warnings to protect Yarm

• people have been discouraged to build on low-lying areas to prevent destruction during a flood

• However, hard engineering causes environmental damage and pushes floods downstream and are also expensive for long term

What coastal landform is located in the Holderness coast?

Spurn Point spit