ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS

What are ACE inhibitors primarily used for in terms of medical conditions?

Hypertension, heart failure, diabetes mellitus, left ventricular dysfunction, post-MI, and proteinuric chronic kidney disease.

What is the MOA for ACE Inhibitors?

block the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, leading to vasodilation and decreased blood pressure.

What is the prototype of ACE Inhibitors?

Captopril

Which drugs are first line for HTN?

Ace Inhibitors

How is Dosing tritrated with ACE inhibitors?

based on BP

What is a common adverse effect of ACE inhibitors, notably observed in women?

Dry cough due to increased bradykinin.

What conditions are ACE inhibitors contraindicated in?

Pregnancy, history of angioedema with ACE inhibitors, and hypersensitivity.

What is the major concern that makes ACE inhibitors a black box warning medication?

teratogenic; can cause fetal injury or death.

How should Captopril be administered regarding food?

It should be taken on an empty stomach, one hour before or two hours after meals.

What should you avoid preventing hyperkalemia while taking ACE inhibitors?

Salt substitutes & high potassium foods

Which ethnic group might need a diuretic in combination with an ACE inhibitor for effectiveness?

African Americans.

What are the key therapeutic uses of Captopril?

Treats hypertension and heart failure, prevents remodeling after MI, and slows kidney damage in diabetic nephropathy.

What should patients be monitored for while on ACE inhibitors?

Blood pressure, renal function, serum potassium levels, and signs of cough or angioedema.

What lifestyle changes should be taught to patients taking ACE inhibitors?

They should monitor blood pressure regularly, avoid salt substitutes and high-potassium foods, and use birth control.

What effect can ACE inhibitors have on patients with renal disease?

Prolonged half-life and potential nephrotoxicity.

What medications might decrease the absorption of ACE inhibitors?

Iron and lanthanum.

What is a significant risk during the administration of ACE inhibitors, especially in case of volume depletion?

Hypotension.

Which ACE inhibitor is noted for having no metabolism and being excreted unchanged?

Lisinopril.

What are other ACE Inhibitors?

enalapril, ramipril, and fosinopril, Enalapril

Which ACE inhibitor should you cation for pts >65 years old?

Perindopril