Notebook info

Flashcards covering key vocabulary and concepts related to endosymbiosis, plant diversity, and fungi.

Endosymbiosis

A theory explaining the incorporation of chloroplasts and mitochondria into eukaryotic cells.

Chloroplasts

Organelles in plant cells responsible for photosynthesis, derived from photosynthetic bacteria.

Gene

A segment of DNA that contributes to the heredity of traits from parent to offspring.

Alleles

Different versions of a gene that can exist at a specific locus on a chromosome.

Archaeplastida

A major group of eukaryotic organisms that includes green plants and red algae.

Protista

A diverse group of single-celled organisms including autotrophic and heterotrophic species.

Autotrophic

Organisms that can produce their own food through photosynthesis or chemosynthesis.

Heterotrophic

Organisms that obtain their food by consuming other organisms.

Mixotrophic

Organisms capable of both autotrophic and heterotrophic modes of nutrition.

Rhizaria

A clade of protists characterized by their amoeboid forms and slender pseudopodia.

Diatoms (Bacillariophyta)

Unicellular algae with silica cell walls that are a major component of phytoplankton.

Phaeophyta

Commonly known as brown algae, which are primarily multicellular and marine.

Oomycota

A group of fungus-like organisms that includes water molds and plant pathogens.

Bryophytes

Non-vascular plants that include mosses, liverworts, and hornworts.

Xylem

Vascular tissue responsible for water transport in plants.

Phloem

Vascular tissue responsible for the transport of nutrients and food in plants.

Sporophyte

The diploid stage in the life cycle of plants that produces spores.

Gametophyte

The haploid stage in the life cycle of plants that produces gametes.

Heterosporous

Plants that produce two types of spores: microspores and megaspores.

Chytridiomycota

A phylum of fungi primarily known for being aquatic and having flagellated spores.

Ascomycota

A division of fungi known as sac fungi, which includes yeasts and molds.

Lichens

Symbiotic associations between fungi and algae or cyanobacteria.

Mycorrhizae

Symbiotic relationships between fungi and plant roots that enhance nutrient absorption.