Human Evolution Lecture Review

These flashcards cover key concepts, species information, and evolutionary traits discussed in the human evolution lecture.

What is the significance of Sahelanthropus tchadensis in human evolution?

It is one of the oldest known hominins, dating back 6-7 million years, and provides insight into early human ancestry.

Which species is known as 'Toumai'?

Sahelanthropus tchadensis.

What does the term 'evolutionary radiation' refer to in the context of human evolution?

It describes the emergence and diversification of multiple species from a common ancestor, rather than a linear progression.

At what age did Australopithecus africanus exist?

Approximately 2.5 million years ago.

What are the key traits that distinguish Homo sapiens from other hominins?

Traits include a larger brain, bipedalism, and an opposable thumb.

When did modern humans first leave Africa?

About 70,000 years ago.

What is the main hypothesis regarding the origins of Homo sapiens?

The inferred common ancestor of hominins and chimpanzees is from the Miocene era.

Why is the evolution of humans not linear?

Humans did not evolve from chimpanzees; rather, both species share a common ancestor.

Name one species that was contemporaneous with Homo erectus.

Homo habilis.

What is indicated by the increasing brain volume in hominins over time?

An evolutionary trend towards larger and more complex brains, facilitating advanced cognitive functions.

How did social structures influence human evolution?

Humans are highly social; shared strategies and cooperation play critical roles in survival and reproduction.

What has been the impact of domestication on human evolution?

Domestication has created dependencies between humans and certain species, influencing evolutionary paths.

What does the concept of cultural evolution encompass?

Adaptive strategies that are inherited vertically and horizontally, contributing to group survival.

Which modern human trait first appeared in Homo habilis?

The opposable thumb.

What evidence suggests that human evolution is still ongoing?

Variations in traits like skin pigmentation and adaptations to different environments, such as Tibetans' higher oxygen affinity in blood.

Describe one trade-off of bipedalism in humans.

Bipedalism may result in chronic back and knee problems due to adaptations in the skeleton.