civil liberties

Civil liberties protects citizens from government infringement.

true

Civil rights protects citizens from discriminations of all kinds

true

Civil liberties are there to protect minorities

false

The Bill of Rights was added to the Constitution because ________

Key states (New York & Virginia in particular) refused to ratify the Constitution unless it was added

An example of a right explicitly protected by the Constitution as drafted at the Constitutional Convention is the ________

right to a writ of habeas corpus

The Fourteenth Amendment was critically important for civil liberties because it ________

helped start the process of selective incorporation of the Bill of Rights

Which of the following provisions is not part of the First Amendment?

the right to keep and bear arms

The Fourth Amendment’s requirement for a warrant ________

applies only to the seizure of property as evidence

Which of the following rights is not protected by the Sixth Amendment?

the right to remain silent

Can the terms civil liberty and civil rights be used interchangeably?

false

What protects individuals from government interfering with their freedoms?

Civil Liberties

Civil Liberties

Limitations on government power, intended to protect freedoms upon which governments may not legally intrude.

What protects people from unequal treatment and discrimination by government?

Civil Rights

Civil Rights

Guarantees that government officials will treat people equally and that decisions will be made on the basis of merit rather than race, gender, or other personal characteristics.

What three major developments influenced the origin of civil liberties in the United States?

Political thought – John Locke; Declaration of Independence; U.S. Constitution

Which Enlightenment thinker strongly influenced American ideas about rights and government?

John Locke

What are Locke’s ideas

property rights, natural rights, and freedom of speech, especially ideas about the origins and purpose of government

What did colonists believe no ruler had the authority to deny them?

They had certain inalienable or natural rights and that no ruler had the power or authority to deny those rights

How did the Declaration of Independence contribute to civil liberties?

Although it does not guarantee specific freedoms, it drew on Locke's ideas and helped establish the belief that people have fundamental rights and liberties

Why did the Anti-Federalists demand a Bill of Rights?

They feared a powerful central authority and demanded a BofR to protect individual liberties

Federalists

Led by Alexander Hamilton and James Madison and favored a strong central government

What are the first ten amendments to the Constitution?

Were ratified and became known as the Bill of Rights

Why was a Bill of Rights added to the Constitution?

The Anti-Federalists argued that a bill of rights was necessary, and ten of twelve proposed amendments were eventually ratified

Which amendment protects religion, speech, assembly, petition, and the press?

First Amendment

Which amendment protects the right to keep and bear arms?

Right to keep and bear arms to maintain a well-regulated militia

What protects people from unreasonable searches and seizures?

Right to be secure from unreasonable search and seizure

What legal standard helps determine whether a search or seizure is constitutional?

Probable Cause

Which amendment is especially important for due process, double jeopardy, and self-incrimination?

Fifth Amendment

What prevents someone from being prosecuted twice for the same criminal act after acquittal?

Double Jeopardy

Which amendment governs important rights during a criminal trial?

Sixth Amendment

Which amendment concerns jury trials in civil cases?

Seventh Amendment

What amendment protects people from excessive bail, excessive fines, and cruel and unusual punishment?

Eighth Amendment

What happens to rights that are not specifically listed in the Constitution?

Ninth Amendment

What amendment addresses powers not specifically delegated to the federal government?

Tenth Amendment

What legal protection requires a neutral judge to determine whether someone has been lawfully detained?

Writ of habeas corpus

What is a law that punishes someone for a crime without a trial?

Bill of Attainder

What type of law can punish an action that was not a crime when it happened?

Ex post facto

Why is the Fourteenth Amendment so important to civil liberties?

It led to selective incorporation and came to mean that citizens are subject to due process and equal protection of the laws

What process expanded the Bill of Rights to apply to the states?

The process of expanding the application of the Bill of Rights to also include the states

What does the Fourteenth Amendment's Due Process Clause prevent states from doing?

nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law.

What right protects people from government intrusion into their personal lives?

Right to Privacy

The First Amendment

Right to freedoms of religion and speech; right to assemble

and to petition the government for redress of grievances;

right to a free press

The Second Amendment

Right to keep and bear arms to maintain a well-regulated

militia

The Third Amendment

Right to not house soldiers during time of war

The Fourth Amendment

Right to be secure from unreasonable search and seizure

The Fifth Amendment

Rights in criminal cases, including due process and indictment by

grand jury for capital crimes, as well as the right not to testify against

oneself.

The Sixth Amendment

Right to a speedy trial by an impartial jury

The Seventh Amendment

Right to a jury trial in civil cases

The Eighth Amendment

Right to not face excessive bail, excessive fines, or cruel

and unusual punishment

The Nineth Amendment

Rights retained by the people, even if they are not

specifically enumerated by the Constitution

The Tenth Amendment

States’ rights to powers not specifically delegated to the

federal government

The 13th Amendment

It freed all slaves and abolished

slavery in United States and its

territories.

The 14th Amendment

All citizens are subject to due process

and equal protection of the laws