A&P Chapter 22 quiz

The ability to ward off a specific infection or disease, usually as a result of prior exposure and the body's production of antibodies or lymphocytes against one pathogen, is called

specific immunity.

nonspecific defense.

the first line of defense.

the second line of defense.

a natural barrier.

specific immunity.

Which of the following statements accurately describes the difference between cellular and humoral immunity?

Cellular immunity directly attacks pathogens and infected cells, while humoral immunity releases antibodies to do so.

Cellular immunity utilizes B-lymphocytes, while humoral immunity utilizes T-lymphocytes.

Cellular immunity produces antibodies, while humoral immunity uses perforins.

Neither defends against bacteria.

Cellular immunity directly attacks pathogens and infected cells, while humoral immunity releases antibodies to do so.

In ________ immunity, the body's reaction to foreign substances is the same regardless of the pathogen, but in _________ immunity, the body's reaction to foreign substances is specific to the particular pathogen present.

adaptive; innate

memory-centered; specific

specific; adaptive

innate; adaptive

innate; adaptive

Antibodies are __________ produced in response to an antigen.

antigens

proteins

glycoproteins

immune system cells

proteins

Interferon

is produced as a specific response to a specific virus.

stimulates macrophages and NK cells to destroy virus infected cells.

is able to save the cell that makes it.

induces production of mRNA in the recipient cell.

kills all bacteria nonspecifically.

stimulates macrophages and NK cells to destroy virus infected cells.

A normal, healthy cell only displays self-antigens with the MHC class I molecules.

Truw

False

True

Foreign substances that elicit an immune response are termed

aquaporins.

antigens.

antibodies.

APCs.

agglutinins.

antigens.

Foreign antigens presented on class I MHC molecules

stimulate other immune system cells to respond to the antigen.

stimulate macrophages to respond to the antigen.

stimulate cell destruction by macrophages.

stimulate cell destruction by activated T-cells.

are not recognized by the T-cells and do not stimulate cell destruction.

stimulate cell destruction by activated T-cells.

Cytotoxic T-lymphocytes attack

viruses.

bacteria.

cells that display foreign proteins on their surface.

cells that display normal proteins on their surface.

cells that display foreign proteins on their surface.

Many different antibodies can be made against a single antigen.

True

False

True

On first exposure to antigen, helper T-lymphocytes

become activated and increase in number.

cause inflammation.

cause skin lesions.

attract more macrophages.

become activated and increase in number.

Helper T-lymphocytes interact with target cells by recognizing

antigens only.

MHC proteins only.

antigen−MHC protein complexes.

either antigens or MHC proteins.

neither antigens nor MHC proteins.

antigen−MHC protein complexes

Helper T-lymphocytes secrete ________ to stimulate the proliferation of B-lymphocytes.

antigens

antibodies

cytokines

agglutinins

allergens

cytokines

A helper T-lymphocyte becomes activated by a(n)

plasma cell.

antigen presenting cell.

B-lymphocyte.

memory cell.

antigen presenting cell

A helper T-lymphocyte must become activated before it can stimulate a B-lymphocyte to produce antibody.

True

False

True

An antigen presenting cell presents antigen to a helper T-lymphocyte

inside a vesicle.

on its surface on a class I MHC.

on its surface on a class II MHC.

on its surface attached to an antibody.

on its surface on a class II MHC.

Mucus in the trachea is part of the body's

adaptive immunity.

innate immunity.

innate immunity.

A patient has a parasitic infection. Upon examination of a blood sample under the microscope, an abundance of granuloctyes are present. These are likely

macrophages.

B-lymphocytes.

mast cells.

eosinophils.

eosinophils.

The CD8 protein binds

B-lymphocyte receptors.

MHC class I molecules.

MHC class II molecules.

antigen directly.

MHC class I molecules

After T- and B-lymphocytes are formed, they migrate to

red bone marrow.

yellow bone marrow.

the thymus gland.

secondary lymphatic structures.

secondary lymphatic structures.

Typically, a lymphocyte will encounter its first exposure to a foreign antigen in the

red bone marrow.

yellow bone marrow.

thymus gland.

secondary lymphatic structures.

secondary lymphatic structures.

If negative selection of T-lymphoctyes in the thymus never occurred, what would likely happen?

T-lymphocytes would bind self-antigens.

The specificity of the immune system would improve.

T-lymphocytes would be unable to bind nonself-antigens.

Mature T-lymphocytes would lack CD proteins.

T-lymphocytes would bind to self-antigens

When an antibody binds an antigen, it is binding with its

variable region.

constant region.

hinge region.

disulfide bond.

variable region.

Receiving antivenom to treat a snake bite is an example of ___________ immunity.

naturally acquired active

artificially acquired active

naturally acquired passive

artificially acquired passive

artificially acquired passive

Cytotoxic T-lymphocytes produce

class II MHCs.

self proteins.

antibodies, which make holes in cell membrane of infected cells.

perforin, which makes holes in cell membrane of infected cells.

perforin, which makes holes in cell membrane of infected cells.

Cytotoxic T-lymphocytes recognize

receptors on B-lymphocytes.

fragments of self proteins of infected cells.

antigens and MHC class I.

antigens and MHC class II.

antigens and MHC class I.

Cytotoxic T-lymphocytes produce cytotoxins, which cause apoptosis of infected cells.

True

False

True

Which leukocyte is the first to arrive during the inflammatory response?

Monocytes

Neutrophils

Lymphocytes

Natural killer cells

Neutrophils

What do monocytes become when they leave the blood and travel to the site of an infection?

Macrophages

Neutrophils

Lymphocytes

Natural killer cells

Macrophages

After leaving the thymus, helper T-cells contain

a CD4 protein (but no CD8).

a CD8 protein (but no CD4).

both CD4 and CD8 proteins.

a CD4 protein (but no CD8).