HUMANBIOLOGY_CHAPTERSIX

cellular respiration

process by which cells break down glucose and use the resulting energy to synthesize ATP.

aerobic respiration

complete oxidation of glucose to CO2 in the presence of O2, producing ATP.

glycolysis

the three-carbon product of glycolysis. (CO2 and NADH)

krebs cycle

stage in cellular respiration that completely oxidizes the products of glycolysis. (CO2, ATP, NADH, and FADH2)

FADH2

electron carrier molecule used in respiration

electron transport chain

membrane-bound molecular complex that shuttles electrons to slowly extract their energy

mitochondrion (pl. mitochondria)

organelle that houses the reactions of cellular respiration in eukaryotes.

crista (pl. cristae)

folds of inner membrane that increase surface area.

intermembrane compartment

the space between a mitochondrion’s two membranes

matrix

 the inner compartment of a mitochondrion.

anaerobic respiration

cellular respiration using an electron acceptor other than O2.

aerobic respiration

uses oxygen O2.

fermentation

 metabolic pathway in which NADH from glycolysis reduces pyruvate.

alcohol fermentation

takes place in yeast. pyruvate is converted to ethanol and CO2. NAD+ molecules are regenerated for use in glycolysis.

lactic acid fermentation

takes place in some bacteria and in mammalian muscle cells. pyruvate is converted to lactic acid. NAD+ molecules are regenerated for use in glycolysis.