Practical Research 2 - Video Notes Vocabulary

Vocabulary flashcards covering key terms from the lecture notes on quantitative research, research design, and literature review.

Quantitative Research

A research design that uses numbers to state generalizations about a problem; objective-based, systematic, empirical investigation using computational techniques.

Objective

Aiming for accurate measurement and unbiased results in research.

Structured Research Instrument

A standardized tool (e.g., questionnaire) designed to collect data consistently.

Numerical Data

Data in the form of numbers and statistics, presented via tables, charts, and graphs.

Random Sampling

A sampling method that improves representativeness and reduces researcher bias.

Replicability

The ability for a study’s procedures and results to be repeated by others.

Descriptive Design

Quantitative design that describes a phenomenon without manipulation or hypothesis testing.

Correlational Design

Design that identifies relationships between two or more variables.

Ex Post Facto Design

A design examining possible relationships between past events and present conditions without manipulation.

Quasi-Experimental Design

A design to establish cause-and-effect without random assignment, reducing internal validity.

Experimental Design

A design that uses random assignment and manipulation to establish causal relationships.

Independent Variable (IV)

The presumed cause that the researcher manipulates.

Dependent Variable (DV)

The presumed effect or outcome measured.

Moderating Variable

An IV that influences the strength or direction of the IV-DV relationship.

Mediating Variable

An intermediary variable explaining the mechanism between IV and DV.

Control Variable

A variable kept constant or controlled to prevent confounding effects.

IPO Model (Input-Process-Output)

A framework showing how inputs (IV) are transformed by processes into outputs (results).

Conceptual Framework

Theoretical ideas and relationships that guide the study, often illustrated as a diagram.

Theoretical Framework

Time-tested theories that relate findings to underlying knowledge.

IV-DV Model

A common framework focusing on the relationship between independent and dependent variables.

Concept Map

A visual representation showing relationships among ideas and variables.

Operational Definition of Variables (ODV)

What a term means in the context of the study, including measurement methods.

Conceptual Definition

The meaning of a term based on dictionary or theory, not measurement.

Definition of Terms

Section listing key terms with brief, alphabetized definitions.

Hypothesis

A tentative, testable statement about the relationship between two or more variables.

Simple Hypothesis

A prediction involving one IV and one DV.

Complex Hypothesis

A prediction involving two or more IVs and two or more DVs.

Empirical (Working) Hypothesis

A hypothesis tested through experimentation, often revised with findings.

Logical Hypothesis

A hypothesis based on logical reasoning, potentially testable later.

Statistical Hypothesis

A hypothesis that can be tested using statistical methods on a sample.

Null Hypothesis (Ho)

H0: There is no relationship or insufficient information to claim a relationship.

Alternative Hypothesis (Ha)

Ha: There is a relationship or effect to be tested if Ho is rejected.

Directional Hypothesis

Predicts the direction of the relationship (positive/negative); one-tailed test.

Non-Directional Hypothesis

Specifies no direction; two-tailed test.

Research Topic

The broad subject area chosen for a study.

Research Question

A clear, feasible, significant, and ethical question guiding the study.

Feasible

Practical given time, resources, and circumstances.

Clear

Unambiguous and easily understood.

Significant

Relevant and important to investigate.

Ethical

Ethical considerations for welfare of participants and subjects.

Scope and Delimitation

Defines what is included/excluded in the study and why.

Background of the Research

Context and rationale, including the research gap to be addressed.

Research Gap

An under- or unexplored area requiring further study.

RRL (Review of Related Literature)

Compilation and synthesis of studies related to the topic.

Literature Review

Structured summary of existing research, highlighting relevance and gaps.

Context Review

Literature review focusing on contextual aspects within a field.

Historical Review

Literature review organized by time periods.

Integrative Review

Synthesis of recent knowledge, identifying agreements and disagreements.

Methodological Review

Review focusing on methods, strengths, gaps, and ethical issues.

Self-Study Review

Literature review reflecting the researcher’s own understanding.

Theoretical Review

Review focusing on theories or concepts related to the topic.

Primary Sources

First-hand sources, such as original journal articles.

Secondary Sources

Analyses or interpretations of primary sources.

General References

Sources used to locate and navigate primary/secondary literature.

Log the Reference Information

Record citation details for efficient retrieval.

Catalogue Articles

Organize relevant articles for easy access and synthesis.

Digest and Synthesize

Summarize and integrate information from multiple sources.

Outline and Write Up

Plan and draft the literature review in structured stages.

DOST

Department of Science and Technology (Philippines).

RRLs

Abbreviation for Review of Related Literature.