Lecture on Algae, Bryophytes, Pteridophytes, Gymnosperms, and Fungi

These flashcards cover key concepts in the lecture on algae, bryophytes, pteridophytes, gymnosperms, and fungi.

Algae

Chlorophyll-bearing, simple, thalloid, autotrophic organisms found in aquatic habitats.

Photosynthesis

The process by which algae fix carbon dioxide and produce oxygen.

Vegetative reproduction

A form of asexual reproduction in algae where each fragment develops into a thallus.

Asexual reproduction

Reproduction in algae through the production of spores, particularly zoospores.

Isogamous

Sexual reproduction in algae where gametes are similar in size.

Anisogamous

Sexual reproduction in algae involving gametes that differ in size.

Oogamous

A type of sexual reproduction where a large non-motile female gamete fuses with a smaller motile male gamete.

Bryophytes

Amphibious plants that live in soil and require water for sexual reproduction.

Gametophyte

The haploid phase of bryophytes that produces gametes.

Antheridium

The male sex organ in bryophytes that produces biflagellate antherozoids.

Archegonium

The flask-shaped female sex organ in bryophytes that produces a single egg.

Sporophyte

A multicellular body formed from a zygote in bryophytes and is dependent on the gametophyte.

Pteridophytes

Terrestrial plants with vascular tissues, including horsetails and ferns.

Sporophyte

The dominant phase of the pteridophytes, differentiated into true roots, stems, and leaves.

Homosporous

Pteridophytes that produce only one type of spore.

Heterosporous

Pteridophytes that produce two types of spores (macro and micro spores).

Gymnosperms

Plants with naked seeds and ovules not covered by an ovary wall.

Microsporangia

Structures in gymnosperms that produce haploid microspores.

Pollen grain

A highly reduced male gametophyte in gymnosperms.

Ovule

The structure in gymnosperms that becomes a seed after fertilisation.

Fungi

Heterotrophic organisms that vary greatly in morphology and habitat.

Hyphae

Thread-like structures that make up the body of filamentous fungi.

Mycelium

The network of hyphae in fungi.

Saprophytes

Fungi that absorb soluble organic matter from dead substrates.

Reproduction in fungi

Can occur via vegetative means or by sexual methods involving spores.