study guide 2 - 24

Hegemon

a country that is an undisputed leader within its region or the world (USA)

diversionary theory

the idea that states suffering from poor economic conditions or internal strife are more likely to resort to force.

war weariness

states have the most recently experienced a significant, costly war

groupthink

frustration-aggression theory

resort to violence under conditions of persistent denial of expected treatment ( fairness & peace)

relative deprivation

discrepancy between what people have and what they think they deserved based on what others have.

political sovereignty

the principle that a state has authority and independence to rule without interference within its own borders

defense burden

deploying and using military force to fight off an attack

massive retaliation

massive response or massive deterrence. military doctrine and nuclear strategy in which a state commits itself to retaliate with much greater force in the event of an attack.

mutually assured destruction

the ability of both sides to field secure second-strike capability of sufficient size to destroy a significant portion of the other side’s society.

peacekeeping

the provision of one third-party force from the UN or other regional organizations to keep peace by providing a buffer between parties in conflict

Reciprocity

a state follows international law so that others will do the same.

national enforcement

states enforce international law through their national legal system

horizontal enforcement

measures taken by states when a state violates an international law

vertical enforcement

enforcement of international law by international institutions

weighted voting

member’s votes are weighed according to factors related to size, power, or wealth.

P5

the five permanent members of the UN Security Council- the United States, Britain, France, China, and Russia - each of which holds veto power

UN General Assembly

plenary body of the UN

Functions on majority rule decisions process, a central forum, for discussion of global issues.

UN Security council

carries responsibilities for peace, security and collective security operations

territorial integrity

the principle that other actors should not violate the territory or boundaries of a state.

UN Secretariat

the bureaucracy and administrative arm of the United Nations

UN Secretary -General

the head of the UN Secretariat; the UN’s administrative leader elected by the UNGA at the recommendation of the UNSC.

austerity program

a program of severely restricted government spending,

often on welfare programs, imposed when the country must balance its accounts

comparative advantage

being more efficient at producing w good or service relative to another good or service

nontariff barrier

a requirement that foreign goods or services must meet that is specifically designed to block or obstruct those goods or services from sale in that market

mercantilism

combines free enterprise and government. the government uses its power to enhance private business and engages in protectionism